SQL语句-SQL矩阵

Question

对于下表，是否可以创建SQL语句来创建数据矩阵或视图？

表：

TeamA|TeamB|Won|Lost
--------------------
  A  |  B  | 5 | 3
  A  |  C  | 2 | 4
  A  |  D  | 9 | 1
  B  |  E  | 5 | 5
  C  |  A  | 2 | 4

结果矩阵：

     |  A | B |  C | D | E
----------------------------
  A  |  0 | 2 | -2 | 8 | 0
  B  |  0 | 0 |  0 | 0 | 0
  C  | -2 | 0 |  0 | 0 | 0

Answer 1

您可以通过两种方式在MySQL中 透视 数据。如果您提前知道值（团队），则将对值进行硬编码，或者可以使用准备好的语句来生成动态sql。

静态版本为：

select TeamA,
  max(case when TeamB = 'A' then won - lost else 0 end) as A,
  max(case when TeamB = 'B' then won - lost else 0 end) as B,
  max(case when TeamB = 'C' then won - lost else 0 end) as C,
  max(case when TeamB = 'D' then won - lost else 0 end) as D,
  max(case when TeamB = 'E' then won - lost else 0 end) as E
from yourtable
group by TeamA;

参见带有演示的SQL Fiddle

如果要使用带有预准备语句的动态版本，则代码为：

SET @sql = NULL;
SELECT
  GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT
    CONCAT(
      'MAX(CASE WHEN TeamB = ''',
      TeamB,
      ''' THEN won - lost else 0 END) AS `',
      TeamB, '`'
    )
  ) INTO @sql
from
(
  select *
  from yourtable
  order by teamb
) x;

SET @sql 
  = CONCAT('SELECT TeamA, ', @sql, ' 
           from yourtable
           group by TeamA');

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

请参阅带有演示的SQL Fiddle。

编辑＃1，在考虑了这一点之后，我实际上会做一点点不同。我将在团队出现在行和列中的数据上生成一个真正的矩阵。为此，您首先要使用UNION ALL查询在两列中获取所有团队：

select teama Team1, teamb Team2,
  won-lost Total
from yourtable
union all
select teamb, teama,
  won-lost
from yourtable

请参阅带有演示的SQL Fiddle。一旦完成，就可以 旋转 数据：

select Team1,
  coalesce(max(case when Team2 = 'A' then Total end), 0) as A,
  coalesce(max(case when Team2 = 'B' then Total end), 0) as B,
  coalesce(max(case when Team2 = 'C' then Total end), 0) as C,
  coalesce(max(case when Team2 = 'D' then Total end), 0) as D,
  coalesce(max(case when Team2 = 'E' then Total end), 0) as E
from
(
  select teama Team1, teamb Team2,
    won-lost Total
  from yourtable
  union all
  select teamb, teama,
    won-lost
  from yourtable
) src
group by Team1;

请参阅带有演示的SQL Fiddle。这给出了更详细的结果：

| TEAM1 |  A | B |  C | D | E |
-------------------------------
|     A |  0 | 2 | -2 | 8 | 0 |
|     B |  2 | 0 |  0 | 0 | 0 |
|     C | -2 | 0 |  0 | 0 | 0 |
|     D |  8 | 0 |  0 | 0 | 0 |
|     E |  0 | 0 |  0 | 0 | 0 |