在Django 1.5中将电子邮件设置为用户名

Question

我正在以下位置阅读文档：https :
//docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/topics/auth/customizing/#substituting-a-
custom-user-
model

所以在我的settings.py中，我输入：

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'membership.User'

在我的会员应用程序models.py中，我有以下内容：

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser

class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'

运行python manage.py syncdb给我：

FieldDoesNotExist: User has no field named 'email'

我检查了AbstractBaseUser类的源代码，并定义了该字段，正如您在此处看到的：https
:
//github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/models.py#L359

怎么了？

Answer 1

AbstractBaseUser没有电子邮件字段，有AbstractUser。

如果要使用电子邮件作为唯一标识符，则需要从AbstractBaseUser继承子类，并使用定义电子邮件字段unique=True并编写其他功能，例如Manager模型：

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager,\
    PermissionsMixin
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.http import urlquote


class CustomUserManager(BaseUserManager):

    def create_user(self, email, password=None, **extra_fields):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email and password.
        """
        now = timezone.now()
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('The given email must be set')
        email = CustomUserManager.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(email=email,
                          is_staff=False, is_active=True, is_superuser=False,
                          last_login=now, date_joined=now, **extra_fields)

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        u = self.create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
        u.is_staff = True
        u.is_active = True
        u.is_superuser = True
        u.save(using=self._db)
        return u


class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), unique=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(_('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(_('last name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(_('staff status'), default=False,
        help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
                    'site.'))
    is_active = models.BooleanField(_('active'), default=True,
        help_text=_('Designates whether this user should be treated as '
                    'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'))
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)

    objects = CustomUserManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('user')
        verbose_name_plural = _('users')

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return "/users/%s/" % urlquote(self.pk)

    def get_full_name(self):
        """
        Returns the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.
        """
        full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
        return full_name.strip()

    def get_short_name(self):
        "Returns the short name for the user."
        return self.first_name

    # define here other needed methods
    # Look at django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser

另外，您可能需要将此用户添加到管理页面。查看UserAdmin并重新定义它以与使用电子邮件字段作为唯一标识符的新用户模型兼容。