如何在Pandas中的超大型数据框上创建数据透视表
我需要从大约6000万行的数据集中创建一个2000列,大约30-50百万行的数据透视表。我曾尝试过旋转100,000行的数据块,但这种方法行得通,但是当我尝试通过先执行.append()然后再执行.groupby(’someKey’)。sum()来重组DataFrame时,我的所有内存都被占用了和python最终崩溃。
如何在有限的RAM量下处理如此大的数据?
编辑:添加示例代码
下面的代码在此过程中包括各种测试输出,但是最后打印的是我们真正感兴趣的内容。请注意,如果将segMax更改为3(而不是4),则该代码将为正确的输出产生误报。主要的问题是,如果sum(wawa)所查看的每个块中都不存在shipmentid条目,则该条目不会显示在输出中。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import random
from pandas.io.pytables import *
import os
pd.set_option('io.hdf.default_format','table')
# create a small dataframe to simulate the real data.
def loadFrame():
frame = pd.DataFrame()
frame['shipmentid']=[1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3] #evenly distributing shipmentid values for testing purposes
frame['qty']= np.random.randint(1,5,9) #random quantity is ok for this test
frame['catid'] = np.random.randint(1,5,9) #random category is ok for this test
return frame
def pivotSegment(segmentNumber,passedFrame):
segmentSize = 3 #take 3 rows at a time
frame = passedFrame[(segmentNumber*segmentSize):(segmentNumber*segmentSize + segmentSize)] #slice the input DF
# ensure that all chunks are identically formatted after the pivot by appending a dummy DF with all possible category values
span = pd.DataFrame()
span['catid'] = range(1,5+1)
span['shipmentid']=1
span['qty']=0
frame = frame.append(span)
return frame.pivot_table(['qty'],index=['shipmentid'],columns='catid', \
aggfunc='sum',fill_value=0).reset_index()
def createStore():
store = pd.HDFStore('testdata.h5')
return store
segMin = 0
segMax = 4
store = createStore()
frame = loadFrame()
print('Printing Frame')
print(frame)
print(frame.info())
for i in range(segMin,segMax):
segment = pivotSegment(i,frame)
store.append('data',frame[(i*3):(i*3 + 3)])
store.append('pivotedData',segment)
print('\nPrinting Store')
print(store)
print('\nPrinting Store: data')
print(store['data'])
print('\nPrinting Store: pivotedData')
print(store['pivotedData'])
print('**************')
print(store['pivotedData'].set_index('shipmentid').groupby('shipmentid',level=0).sum())
print('**************')
print('$$$')
for df in store.select('pivotedData',chunksize=3):
print(df.set_index('shipmentid').groupby('shipmentid',level=0).sum())
print('$$$')
store['pivotedAndSummed'] = sum((df.set_index('shipmentid').groupby('shipmentid',level=0).sum() for df in store.select('pivotedData',chunksize=3)))
print('\nPrinting Store: pivotedAndSummed')
print(store['pivotedAndSummed'])
store.close()
os.remove('testdata.h5')
print('closed')
-
您可以使用HDF5 / pytables进行附加。这样可以使其脱离RAM。
使用表格格式:
store = pd.HDFStore('store.h5') for ...: ... chunk # the chunk of the DataFrame (which you want to append) store.append('df', chunk)
现在,您可以一次性将其作为DataFrame读入(假设此DataFrame可以容纳在内存中!):
df = store['df']
您也可以查询以仅获取DataFrame的子部分。
撇开:您还应该购买更多的RAM,这很便宜。
编辑:您可以从存储中迭代分组/求和,因为此“映射减少”了块:
# note: this doesn't work, see below sum(df.groupby().sum() for df in store.select('df', chunksize=50000)) # equivalent to (but doesn't read in the entire frame) store['df'].groupby().sum()
Edit2:如上所述使用sum并不能在熊猫0.16中正常工作(我认为它在0.15.2中是有效的),而是可以
reduce
与一起使用add
:reduce(lambda x, y: x.add(y, fill_value=0), (df.groupby().sum() for df in store.select('df', chunksize=50000)))
在python 3中,您必须
从functools导入reduce。也许将其编写为:
chunks = (df.groupby().sum() for df in store.select('df', chunksize=50000)) res = next(chunks) # will raise if there are no chunks! for c in chunks: res = res.add(c, fill_value=0)
如果性能不佳/如果有大量新组,则最好将res设为正确大小的零(通过获取唯一的组密钥,例如通过遍历块),然后添加到位。