有关python中字符的unicode表信息

发布于 2021-01-29 14:59:52

python中有没有一种方法可以获取给定字符的技术信息,例如在Unicode表中显示的那样?(请参阅https://unicode-
table.com/en/

示例:对于字母“Ȅ”

  • 名称>带有双坟墓的拉丁大写字母E
  • Unicode编号> U + 0204
  • HTML代码>Ȅ
  • 团体>拉丁扩展B
  • 小写字母>ȅ

我真正需要的是获取任何Unicode数字(例如U + 0204)对应的名称(带Double Grave的拉丁大写字母E)和小写版本(此处为“ȅ”)。

大致来说:
输入= Unicode数字
输出=对应信息

我能够找到的最接近的东西是fontTools库,但是我似乎找不到任何有关如何使用它的教程/文档。

谢谢。

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1 个回答
  • 面试哥
    面试哥 2021-01-29
    为面试而生,有面试问题,就找面试哥。

    标准模块unicodedata定义了很多属性,但不是 全部
    。快速浏览一下其来源即可确认这一点。

    幸运的是unicodedata.txt,不难解析它来自的数据文件。每行仅包含15个;单独的元素,因此非常适合解析。使用ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/3.0-Update/UnicodeData-3.0.0.html上元素的描述,可以创建一些类来封装数据。我从该列表中选取了类元素的名称。同一页面上解释了每个元素的含义。

    确保先下载ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txtftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt,并将它们放在与此相同的文件夹中程序。

    代码(已通过Python 2.7和3.6测试):

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    class UnicodeCharacter:
        def __init__(self):
            self.code = 0
            self.name = 'unnamed'
            self.category = ''
            self.combining = ''
            self.bidirectional = ''
            self.decomposition = ''
            self.asDecimal = None
            self.asDigit = None
            self.asNumeric = None
            self.mirrored = False
            self.uc1Name = None
            self.comment = ''
            self.uppercase = None
            self.lowercase = None
            self.titlecase = None
            self.block = None
    
        def __getitem__(self, item):
            return getattr(self, item)
    
        def __repr__(self):
            return '{'+self.name+'}'
    
    class UnicodeBlock:
        def __init__(self):
            self.first = 0
            self.last = 0
            self.name = 'unnamed'
    
        def __repr__(self):
            return '{'+self.name+'}'
    
    class BlockList:
        def __init__(self):
            self.blocklist = []
            with open('Blocks.txt','r') as uc_f:
                for line in uc_f:
                    line = line.strip(' \r\n')
                    if '#' in line:
                        line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
                    if line != '':
                        rawdata = line.split(';')
                        block = UnicodeBlock()
                        block.name = rawdata[1].strip()
                        rawdata = rawdata[0].split('..')
                        block.first = int(rawdata[0],16)
                        block.last = int(rawdata[1],16)
                        self.blocklist.append(block)
                # make 100% sure it's sorted, for quicker look-up later
                # (it is usually sorted in the file, but better make sure)
                self.blocklist.sort (key=lambda x: block.first)
    
        def lookup(self,code):
            for item in self.blocklist:
                if code >= item.first and code <= item.last:
                    return item.name
            return None
    
    class UnicodeList:
        """UnicodeList loads Unicode data from the external files
        'UnicodeData.txt' and 'Blocks.txt', both available at unicode.org
    
        These files must appear in the same directory as this program.
    
        UnicodeList is a new interpretation of the standard library
        'unicodedata'; you may first want to check if its functionality
        suffices.
    
        As UnicodeList loads its data from an external file, it does not depend
        on the local build from Python (in which the Unicode data gets frozen
        to the then 'current' version).
    
        Initialize with
    
            uclist = UnicodeList()
        """
        def __init__(self):
    
            # we need this first
            blocklist = BlockList()
            bpos = 0
    
            self.codelist = []
            with open('UnicodeData.txt','r') as uc_f:
                for line in uc_f:
                    line = line.strip(' \r\n')
                    if '#' in line:
                        line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
                    if line != '':
                        rawdata = line.strip().split(';')
                        parsed = UnicodeCharacter()
                        parsed.code = int(rawdata[0],16)
                        parsed.characterName = rawdata[1]
                        parsed.category = rawdata[2]
                        parsed.combining = rawdata[3]
                        parsed.bidirectional = rawdata[4]
                        parsed.decomposition = rawdata[5]
                        parsed.asDecimal = int(rawdata[6]) if rawdata[6] else None
                        parsed.asDigit = int(rawdata[7]) if rawdata[7] else None
                        # the following value may contain a slash:
                        #  ONE QUARTER ... 1/4
                        # let's make it Python 2.7 compatible :)
                        if '/' in rawdata[8]:
                            rawdata[8] = rawdata[8].replace('/','./')
                            parsed.asNumeric = eval(rawdata[8])
                        else:
                            parsed.asNumeric = int(rawdata[8]) if rawdata[8] else None
                        parsed.mirrored = rawdata[9] == 'Y'
                        parsed.uc1Name = rawdata[10]
                        parsed.comment = rawdata[11]
                        parsed.uppercase = int(rawdata[12],16) if rawdata[12] else None
                        parsed.lowercase = int(rawdata[13],16) if rawdata[13] else None
                        parsed.titlecase = int(rawdata[14],16) if rawdata[14] else None
                        while bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code > blocklist.blocklist[bpos].last:
                            bpos += 1
                        parsed.block = blocklist.blocklist[bpos].name if bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code >= blocklist.blocklist[bpos].first else None
                        self.codelist.append(parsed)
    
        def find_code(self,codepoint):
            """Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as int).
    
            Returns:
                a UnicodeCharacter class object or None.
            """
            # the list is unlikely to contain duplicates but I have seen Unicode.org
            # doing that in similar situations. Again, better make sure.
            val = [x for x in self.codelist if codepoint == x.code]
            return val[0] if val else None
    
        def find_char(self,str):
            """Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as character).
    
            Returns:
                for a single character: a UnicodeCharacter class object or
                None.
                for a multicharacter string: a list of the above, one element
                per character.
            """
            if len(str) > 1:
                result = [self.find_code(ord(x)) for x in str]
                return result
            else:
                return self.find_code(ord(str))
    

    加载后,您现在可以使用

    >>> ul = UnicodeList()     # ONLY NEEDED ONCE!
    >>> print (ul.find_code(0x204))
    {LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}
    

    默认情况下显示为字符 名称 (Unicode将其称为“代码点”),但您也可以检索其他属性:

    >>> print ('%04X' % uc.find_code(0x204).lowercase)
    0205
    >>> print (ul.lookup(0x204).block)
    Latin Extended-B
    

    并且(只要您没有获得None)甚至将它们链接起来:

    >>> print (ul.find_code(ul.find_code(0x204).lowercase))
    {LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}
    

    它不依赖于您的特定Python版本;您可以随时从unicode.org下载更新列表,并确保获得最新信息:

    import unicodedata
    >>> print (unicodedata.name('\U0001F903'))
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: no such name
    >>> print (uclist.find_code(0x1f903))
    {LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH FOUR DOTS}
    

    (经Python 3.5.3。测试)。

    当前定义了两个查找功能:

    • find_code(int)通过 代码点将 字符信息查找为整数。
    • find_char(string)在中查找字符的字符信息string。如果只有一个字符,则返回一个UnicodeCharacter对象;否则,返回一个对象。如果还有更多,它将返回对象 列表

    之后import unicodelist(假设您将其另存为unicodelist.py),则可以使用

    >>> ul = UnicodeList()
    >>> hex(ul.find_char(u'è').code)
    '0xe8'
    

    查找任何字符的十六进制代码,以及列表理解,例如

    >>> l = [hex(ul.find_char(x).code) for x in 'Hello']
    >>> l
    ['0x48', '0x65', '0x6c', '0x6c', '0x6f']
    

    对于更长的字符串。 请注意, 如果您想要的只是一个字符串的 十六进制 表示,那么 实际上并不需要所有这些 !这足以:

     l = [hex(ord(x)) for x in 'Hello']
    

    该模块的目的是使您可以轻松访问 其他 Unicode属性。一个更长的例子:

    str = 'Héllo...'
    dest = ''
    for i in str:
        dest += chr(ul.find_char(i).uppercase) if ul.find_char(i).uppercase is not None else i
    print (dest)
    
    HÉLLO...
    

    并根据您的示例显示字符的属性列表:

    letter = u'Ȅ'
    print ('Name > '+ul.find_char(letter).name)
    print ('Unicode number > U+%04x' % ul.find_char(letter).code)
    print ('Bloc > '+ul.find_char(letter).block)
    print ('Lowercase > %s' % chr(ul.find_char(letter).lowercase))
    

    (我省略了HTML;这些名称未在Unicode标准中定义。)



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