如何在Python中按多个键对对象排序？

Question

或者，实际上，如何按多个键对词典列表进行排序？

我有一个字典列表：

b = [{u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Utley, Alex', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Russo, Brandon', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Chappell, Justin', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Foster, Toney', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lawson, Roman', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lempke, Sam', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Gnezda, Alex', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kirks, Damien', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Worden, Tom', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Korecz, Mike', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Swartz, Brian', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Burgess, Randy', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smugala, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Harmon, Gary', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blasinsky, Scott', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Carter III, Laymon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Coleman, Johnathan', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Venditti, Nick', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blackwell, Devon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kovach, Alex', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Bolden, Antonio', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
 {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smith, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 60.0}]

并且我需要使用由Total_Points反转的多键排序，然后不由反转TOT_PTS_Misc。

可以在命令提示符下完成，如下所示：

a = sorted(b, key=lambda d: (-d['Total_Points'], d['TOT_PTS_Misc']))

但是我必须通过一个函数来运行它，在其中传递列表和排序键。例如，def multikeysort(dict_list, sortkeys):。

对于传递给multikeysort函数的任意数量的键，如何使用lambda行将对列表进行排序，并考虑到sortkey可以具有任意数量的键，并且需要识别需要反向排序的键前面加上“-”？

Answer 1

此答案适用于字典中的任何列-否定的列不必是数字。

def multikeysort(items, columns):
    from operator import itemgetter
    comparers = [((itemgetter(col[1:].strip()), -1) if col.startswith('-') else
                  (itemgetter(col.strip()), 1)) for col in columns]
    def comparer(left, right):
        for fn, mult in comparers:
            result = cmp(fn(left), fn(right))
            if result:
                return mult * result
        else:
            return 0
    return sorted(items, cmp=comparer)

您可以这样称呼它：

b = [{u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Utley, Alex', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Russo, Brandon', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Chappell, Justin', u'Total_Points': 96.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Foster, Toney', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lawson, Roman', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lempke, Sam', u'Total_Points': 80.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Gnezda, Alex', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kirks, Damien', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Worden, Tom', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Korecz, Mike', u'Total_Points': 78.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Swartz, Brian', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Burgess, Randy', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smugala, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Harmon, Gary', u'Total_Points': 66.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blasinsky, Scott', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Carter III, Laymon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Coleman, Johnathan', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Venditti, Nick', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blackwell, Devon', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kovach, Alex', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Bolden, Antonio', u'Total_Points': 60.0},
     {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smith, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 60.0}]

a = multikeysort(b, ['-Total_Points', 'TOT_PTS_Misc'])
for item in a:
    print item

尝试对任一列取反。您将看到排序顺序相反。

下一步：对其进行更改，以使其不使用额外的类。

---

2016-01-17

从这个答案中汲取灵感，从满足条件的可迭代项中获取第一项的最佳方法是什么？，我缩短了代码：

from operator import itemgetter as i

def multikeysort(items, columns):
    comparers = [
        ((i(col[1:].strip()), -1) if col.startswith('-') else (i(col.strip()), 1))
        for col in columns
    ]
    def comparer(left, right):
        comparer_iter = (
            cmp(fn(left), fn(right)) * mult
            for fn, mult in comparers
        )
        return next((result for result in comparer_iter if result), 0)
    return sorted(items, cmp=comparer)

如果您喜欢简洁的代码。

---

2016年1月17日晚

这适用于python3（消除了的cmp参数sort）：

from operator import itemgetter as i
from functools import cmp_to_key

def cmp(x, y):
    """
    Replacement for built-in function cmp that was removed in Python 3

    Compare the two objects x and y and return an integer according to
    the outcome. The return value is negative if x < y, zero if x == y
    and strictly positive if x > y.

    https://portingguide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/comparisons.html#the-cmp-function
    """

    return (x > y) - (x < y)

def multikeysort(items, columns):
    comparers = [
        ((i(col[1:].strip()), -1) if col.startswith('-') else (i(col.strip()), 1))
        for col in columns
    ]
    def comparer(left, right):
        comparer_iter = (
            cmp(fn(left), fn(right)) * mult
            for fn, mult in comparers
        )
        return next((result for result in comparer_iter if result), 0)
    return sorted(items, key=cmp_to_key(comparer))

受此答案启发，如何在Python 3中自定义排序？