Python ctypes返回函数指针数组

发布于 2021-01-29 14:56:51

我正在使用一个包含单个调用的.dll,该调用返回一个函数指针数组。GetMyApi()返回指向结构的指针,该结构是函数指针的数组。函数本身具有不同的单独输入和输出。到目前为止我尝试过的是:

我无法轻易更改的C代码:

  • C中的代码:

    typedef struct My_Api_V2
    

    {
    int (__cdecl IsValidInt)(int i);
    int (__cdecl
    InvalidInt)();
    int (__cdecl *IsValidSize)(size_t i);
    } my_Api_V2;

    const my_Api_V2* GetMyApi(int version); // This function is accessed from DLL

  • Python的努力:

    from ctypes import *
    

    my_dll = cdll.LoadLibrary(path_to_my_dll)
    my_api = my_dll.GetMyApi
    my_api.argtypes[c_int] #version number
    my_api.restypes = c_void_p

    firstfuncptr = my_api(2)
    firstfunc = prototype(firstfuncptr)
    firstfunc.argtypes[c_int]
    firstfunc.restypes = c_int

    test = firstfunc(23)

此时,我只是想让功能列表中的第一个功能恢复工作。任何帮助我指出更好方向的帮助都将受到赞赏。

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1 个回答
  • 面试哥
    面试哥 2021-01-29
    为面试而生,有面试问题,就找面试哥。

    事情并不像人们想象的在1个那样容易ST一目了然。我将发布一个虚拟示例,该示例恰好包含使用 .dll s( .so
    s)中的函数的2种方式(如[Python 3.Docs]中所述:ctypes-
    Python的外部函数库
    )。

    dll00.c

    #include <stdio.h>
    
    #if defined(_WIN32)
    #  define DLL00_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
    #  pragma warning(disable: 4477)  // !!! Just to avoid having additional code (macro for size_t), do NOT do this !!!
    #else
    #  define DLL00_EXPORT
    #endif
    
    #define PRINT_MSG_0() printf("        [%s] (%d) - [%s]\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__)
    #define PRINT_MSG_1I(ARG0) printf("        [%s] (%d) - [%s]:  ARG0: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__, ARG0)
    
    
    static int IsValidInt(int i) {
        PRINT_MSG_1I(i);
        return -i;
    }
    
    static int InvalidInt() {
        PRINT_MSG_0();
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int IsValidSize (size_t i) {
        PRINT_MSG_1I(i);
        return -i;
    }
    
    
    typedef struct DllInterfaceV2Struct {
        int (__cdecl *IsValidIntFuncPtr)(int i);
        int (__cdecl *InvalidIntFuncPtr)();
        int (__cdecl *IsValidSizeFuncPtr)(size_t i);
    } DllInterfaceV2;
    
    
    static DllInterfaceV2 intfV2 = { IsValidInt, InvalidInt, IsValidSize };
    
    
    #if defined(__cplusplus)
    extern "C" {
    #endif
    
    DLL00_EXPORT const DllInterfaceV2 *GetInterfaceV2(int version);
    
    #if defined(__cplusplus)
    }
    #endif
    
    
    DLL_EXPORT const DllInterfaceV2 *GetInterfaceV2(int version) {
        if (version == 2) {
            return &intfV2;
        } else {
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    

    code00.py

    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    
    import sys
    import ctypes
    
    
    DLL_NAME = "test00.dll"
    DLL_FUNC_NAME = "GetInterfaceV2"
    
    # "Define" the Python counterparts for C stuff in order to be able to use it
    
    IsValidIntFuncPtr = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int)
    InvalidIntFuncPtr = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int)
    IsValidSizeFuncPtr = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_size_t)
    
    class DllInterfaceV2(ctypes.Structure):
        _fields_ = [
            ("is_valid_int", IsValidIntFuncPtr),
            ("invalid_int", InvalidIntFuncPtr),
            ("is_valid_size", IsValidSizeFuncPtr)
        ]
    
    
    # Now, play with C stuff
    
    def test_interface_ptr(intf_ptr):
        print("Testing returned interface: {:}\n".format(intf_ptr))
        if not intf_ptr:
            print("    NULL pointer returned from C\n")
            return
        intf = intf_ptr.contents  # Dereference the pointer
        res = intf.is_valid_int(-2718281)
        print("    `is_valid_int` member returned: {:d}\n".format(res))
        res = intf.invalid_int()
        print("    `invalid_int` member returned: {:d}\n".format(res))
        res = intf.is_valid_size(3141592)
        print("    `is_valid_size` member returned: {:d}\n\n".format(res))
    
    
    def main():
        test_dll = ctypes.CDLL(DLL_NAME)
        get_interface_v2_func = getattr(test_dll, DLL_FUNC_NAME)  # Or simpler: test_dll.GetInterfaceV2
        get_interface_v2_func.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int]
        get_interface_v2_func.restype = ctypes.POINTER(DllInterfaceV2)
    
        pintf0 = get_interface_v2_func(0)
        test_interface_ptr(pintf0)
        pintf2 = get_interface_v2_func(2)
        test_interface_ptr(pintf2)
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        print("Python {:s} on {:s}\n".format(sys.version, sys.platform))
        main()
    

    注意事项

    • C 部分:

      • 我必须添加一些虚拟代码以测试和说明行为
      • 尽管您提到它不可修改,但我还是做了一些更改(主要是命名/编码风格,…):
      • 两个字母大小写和 下划线 都不太好(至少对我来说)
      • (函数,类或任何其他)名称中的“ my ”(或其任何变体)简直是伤脑筋
      • Python 部分:

      • 正如我在评论中所述,必须在 Python中 “复制” C 内容 __

      • 尽管我认为这是一个 主要的 设计缺陷,但为了使问题尽可能接近问题,我只是遵循了它( GetInterfaceV2 V2 部分)考虑到其arg( 版本 )没有任何意义)

      • 我个人的观点(尽管没有所有上下文)是(为了确保可伸缩性),该函数应返回通用结构,并带有一个可由客户端应用程序检查的附加字段(例如 version )。

    输出

    (py35x64_test)
    

    e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q051507196>”c:\Install\x86\Microsoft\Visual Studio
    Community\2015\vc\vcvarsall.bat” x64

    (py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q051507196>dir /b
    code00.py
    dll00.c
    
    (py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q051507196>cl /nologo dll00.c
    

    /link /DLL /OUT:test00.dll
    dll00.c
    Creating library test00.lib and object test00.exp

    (py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q051507196>dir /b
    code00.py
    dll00.c
    dll00.obj
    test00.dll
    test00.exp
    test00.lib
    
    (py35x64_test)
    

    e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q051507196>”e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py35x64_test\Scripts\python.exe”
    code00.py
    Python 3.5.4 (v3.5.4:3f56838, Aug 8 2017, 02:17:05) [MSC v.1900 64 bit
    (AMD64)] on win32

    Testing returned interface: <__main__.LP_DllInterfaceV2 object at
    

    0x00000219984EBAC8>

       NULL pointer returned from C
    
    Testing returned interface: <__main__.LP_DllInterfaceV2 object at
    

    0x00000219984EBB48>

            [dll00.c] (16) - [IsValidInt]:  ARG0: -2718281
        `is_valid_int` member returned: 2718281
    
            [dll00.c] (22) - [InvalidInt]
        `invalid_int` member returned: 0
    
            [dll00.c] (28) - [IsValidSize]:  ARG0: 3141592
        `is_valid_size` member returned: -3141592
    


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