如何扩展datetime.timedelta?
我正在尝试扩展Python,datetime.timedelta
以用于越野比赛的结果。我想从格式为string的对象构造一个对象u"mm:ss.s"
。我可以使用工厂设计模式和@classmethod
注释来完成此操作。我将如何通过覆盖__init__
和/或完成相同的任务__new__
?
使用下面的代码,构造一个对象会引发TypeError。请注意,__init__
未调用,因为'in my __init__'
未打印。
import datetime
import re
class RaceTimedelta(datetime.timedelta):
def __init__(self, timestr = ''):
print 'in my __init__'
m = re.match(r'(\d+):(\d+\.\d+)', timestr)
if m:
mins = int(m.group(1))
secs = float(m.group(2))
super(RaceTimedelta, self).__init__(minutes = mins, seconds = secs)
else:
raise ValueError('timestr not in format u"mm:ss.d"')
这是错误:
>>> from mytimedelta import RaceTimedelta
>>> RaceTimedelta(u'24:45.7')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported type for timedelta days component: unicode
>>>
如果将代码从__init__
移至__new__
,则会得到以下结果。注意这次,输出显示我的__new__
函数被调用了。
>>> RaceTimedelta(u'24:45.7')
in my __new__
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "mytimedelta.py", line 16, in __new__
super(RaceTimedelta, self).__new__(minutes = mins, seconds = secs)
TypeError: datetime.timedelta.__new__(): not enough arguments
>>>
-
显然,
timedelta
对象是不可变的,这意味着它们的值实际上是在类的__new__()
方法中设置的-
因此您需要覆盖该方法而不是其方法__init__()
:import datetime import re class RaceTimedelta(datetime.timedelta): def __new__(cls, timestr=''): m = re.match(r'(\d+):(\d+\.\d+)', timestr) if m: mins, secs = int(m.group(1)), float(m.group(2)) return super(RaceTimedelta, cls).__new__(cls, minutes=mins, seconds=secs) else: raise ValueError('timestr argument not in format "mm:ss.d"') print RaceTimedelta(u'24:45.7')
输出:
0:24:45.700000
顺便说一句,您为
timestr
关键字参数提供默认值会被视为非法并引发,我觉得很奇怪ValueError
。