Python-如何在Xvfb中运行Selenium?
我在EC2实例上。因此没有GUI。
$pip install selenium
$sudo apt-get install firefox xvfb
然后我这样做:
$Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1024x768x24 2>&1 >/dev/null &
$DISPLAY=:1 java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.0b3.jar
05:08:31.227 INFO - Java: Sun Microsystems Inc. 19.0-b09
05:08:31.229 INFO - OS: Linux 2.6.32-305-ec2 i386
05:08:31.233 INFO - v2.0 [b3], with Core v2.0 [b3]
05:08:32.121 INFO - RemoteWebDriver instances should connect to: http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub
05:08:32.122 INFO - Version Jetty/5.1.x
05:08:32.123 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server/driver,/selenium-server/driver]
05:08:32.124 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server,/selenium-server]
05:08:32.124 INFO - Started HttpContext[/,/]
05:08:32.291 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler@1186fab
05:08:32.292 INFO - Started HttpContext[/wd,/wd]
05:08:32.295 INFO - Started SocketListener on 0.0.0.0:4444
05:08:32.295 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.Server@1ffb8dc
太好了,现在一切正常,对吗?
当我运行代码时:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get("http://www.yahoo.com")
我得到这个:
Error: cannot open display: :0
-
打开终端并运行此命令
xhost +
。每次重新启动计算机时都需要运行此命令。如果一切正常,可以将其添加到启动命令中还要确保在
/ etc / environment
文件中有一行export DISPLAY=:0.0
然后,运行测试以查看问题是否得到解决。
在使用此功能之前,请所有人注意以下来自sardathrion的评论。
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你可以使用
PyVirtualDisplay
(Xvfb的Python
包装器)运行无头WebDriver测试。#!/usr/bin/env python from pyvirtualdisplay import Display from selenium import webdriver display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600)) display.start() # now Firefox will run in a virtual display. # you will not see the browser. browser = webdriver.Firefox() browser.get('http://www.google.com') print browser.title browser.quit() display.stop()
更多信息
你还可以使用
xvfbwrapper
,它是一个类似的模块(但没有外部依赖项):from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb vdisplay = Xvfb() vdisplay.start() # launch stuff inside virtual display here vdisplay.stop()
或更妙的是,将其用作上下文管理器:
from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb with Xvfb() as xvfb: # launch stuff inside virtual display here. # It starts/stops in this code block.