Python-使用NLTK创建新的语料库

Question

我认为标题的答案通常是去阅读文档，但是我浏览了NLTK书，但没有给出答案。我是Python的新手。

我有很多.txt文件，我希望能够使用NLTK为语料库提供的语料库功能nltk_data。

我已经尝试过，PlaintextCorpusReader但是我无法超越：

>>>import nltk
>>>from nltk.corpus import PlaintextCorpusReader
>>>corpus_root = './'
>>>newcorpus = PlaintextCorpusReader(corpus_root, '.*')
>>>newcorpus.words()

如何newcorpus使用punkt分割句子？我尝试使用punkt函数，但punkt函数无法读取PlaintextCorpusReader类？

你还可以引导我介绍如何将分段数据写入文本文件吗？

Answer 1

我认为PlaintextCorpusReader，至少在你的输入语言是英语的情况下，已经使用punkt标记器对输入进行了细分。

PlainTextCorpusReader的构造函数

def __init__(self, root, fileids,
             word_tokenizer=WordPunctTokenizer(),
             sent_tokenizer=nltk.data.LazyLoader(
                 'tokenizers/punkt/english.pickle'),
             para_block_reader=read_blankline_block,
             encoding='utf8'):

你可以向读者传递一个单词和句子标记器，但是后者的默认值已经是nltk.data.LazyLoader('tokenizers/punkt/english.pickle')。

对于单个字符串，将按以下方式使用标记器（此处说明，有关punkt标记器，请参见第5节）。

>>> import nltk.data
>>> text = """
... Punkt knows that the periods in Mr. Smith and Johann S. Bach
... do not mark sentence boundaries.  And sometimes sentences
... can start with non-capitalized words.  i is a good variable
... name.
... """
>>> tokenizer = nltk.data.load('tokenizers/punkt/english.pickle')
>>> tokenizer.tokenize(text.strip())

Answer 2

如果你的目录如下所示：

newcorpus/
         file1.txt
         file2.txt
         ...

只需使用以下代码行，你就可以得到一个语料库：

import os
from nltk.corpus.reader.plaintext import PlaintextCorpusReader

corpusdir = 'newcorpus/' # Directory of corpus.

newcorpus = PlaintextCorpusReader(corpusdir, '.*')

注意：该PlaintextCorpusReader将会使用默认设置，nltk.tokenize.sent_tokenize()并将nltk.tokenize.word_tokenize()你的文本分为句子和单词，并且这些功能是针对英语构建的，可能不适用于所有语言。

这是创建测试文本文件的完整代码，以及如何使用NLTK创建语料库以及如何在不同级别访问语料库：

import os
from nltk.corpus.reader.plaintext import PlaintextCorpusReader

# Let's create a corpus with 2 texts in different textfile.
txt1 = """This is a foo bar sentence.\nAnd this is the first txtfile in the corpus."""
txt2 = """Are you a foo bar? Yes I am. Possibly, everyone is.\n"""
corpus = [txt1,txt2]

# Make new dir for the corpus.
corpusdir = 'newcorpus/'
if not os.path.isdir(corpusdir):
    os.mkdir(corpusdir)

# Output the files into the directory.
filename = 0
for text in corpus:
    filename+=1
    with open(corpusdir+str(filename)+'.txt','w') as fout:
        print>>fout, text

# Check that our corpus do exist and the files are correct.
assert os.path.isdir(corpusdir)
for infile, text in zip(sorted(os.listdir(corpusdir)),corpus):
    assert open(corpusdir+infile,'r').read().strip() == text.strip()


# Create a new corpus by specifying the parameters
# (1) directory of the new corpus
# (2) the fileids of the corpus
# NOTE: in this case the fileids are simply the filenames.
newcorpus = PlaintextCorpusReader('newcorpus/', '.*')

# Access each file in the corpus.
for infile in sorted(newcorpus.fileids()):
    print infile # The fileids of each file.
    with newcorpus.open(infile) as fin: # Opens the file.
        print fin.read().strip() # Prints the content of the file
print

# Access the plaintext; outputs pure string/basestring.
print newcorpus.raw().strip()
print 

# Access paragraphs in the corpus. (list of list of list of strings)
# NOTE: NLTK automatically calls nltk.tokenize.sent_tokenize and 
#       nltk.tokenize.word_tokenize.
#
# Each element in the outermost list is a paragraph, and
# Each paragraph contains sentence(s), and
# Each sentence contains token(s)
print newcorpus.paras()
print

# To access pargraphs of a specific fileid.
print newcorpus.paras(newcorpus.fileids()[0])

# Access sentences in the corpus. (list of list of strings)
# NOTE: That the texts are flattened into sentences that contains tokens.
print newcorpus.sents()
print

# To access sentences of a specific fileid.
print newcorpus.sents(newcorpus.fileids()[0])

# Access just tokens/words in the corpus. (list of strings)
print newcorpus.words()

# To access tokens of a specific fileid.
print newcorpus.words(newcorpus.fileids()[0])

最后，要阅读文本目录并创建其他语言的NLTK语料库，你必须首先确保你拥有一个python-callable单词标记化和句子标记化模块，这些模块接受字符串/基字符串输入并产生以下输出：

>>> from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize, word_tokenize
>>> txt1 = """This is a foo bar sentence.\nAnd this is the first txtfile in the corpus."""
>>> sent_tokenize(txt1)
['This is a foo bar sentence.', 'And this is the first txtfile in the corpus.']
>>> word_tokenize(sent_tokenize(txt1)[0])
['This', 'is', 'a', 'foo', 'bar', 'sentence', '.']