2006北大考博士英语真题
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题型介绍
| 题型 | 单选题 | 填空题 | 简答题 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 数量 | 50 | 2 | 3 |
Part One(Listening comprehension)
There are 3 sections in this part. In section A and B you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then choose the correct answer for each question. Mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET.
Section A: Conversations 5%
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
10.
Which of the following words is most appropriate to describe Mike after the camping school?
Section B: Talks 5%
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Section C: Spot Dictation 10%
Directions: In this section you are going to hear a report on the strong link between sleep and fatal accident. Some words are taken out and you are expected to fill in the missing words as you listen.
The report will be read TWICE and you will have one minute to check your work. Then put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
21.
Inadequate rest means a weaker ______ system, laying the body open to a whole ______ of illnesses. On the average a man needs seven hours of sleep a day and a woman seven and a ______ hours. Six hours of ______ sleep is better than ten hours of ______ and turning, however. People who sleep less than six hours a night are______ for an early death.
Inadequate rest means a weaker ______ system, laying the body open to a whole ______ of illnesses. On the average a man needs seven hours of sleep a day and a woman seven and a ______ hours. Six hours of ______ sleep is better than ten hours of ______ and turning, however. People who sleep less than six hours a night are______ for an early death.
Some people______ that they can get by with little sleep when necessary. But experts think these people are______ themselves.
Between sleep______ and fatal accidents there is an obvious______ . People who get ______ sleep or poor quality sleep have a higher risk of ______ on the road. They are more likely to fall asleep at the ______ and kill people or get killed. Professional drivers and______ workers are most likely to take the ______ . The performance at work also ______ because of sleep deprivation.
The pressures of work deprive people of sleep. To make it up, they try to______ catnaps. But experts are a little______ about the benefits of catnapping. They tell us that the catnap can never be a______ for proper sleep. For victims of ______ , catnapping in the day is the worst thing they can possibly do.
Part Two(Structure and Written Expression 20%)
Directions: In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
22.
The nuclear family __________ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.
23.
Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are ________ by social isolation and loneliness.
24.
In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.
25.
In the past 50 years, there ________ a great increase in the amount of research _____ on the human brain.
26.
“ I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _____.”“We told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better _______ at home when you are not in the shape.”
27.
Parents have to show due concerns to their children’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably _______ their enthusiasm and aspirations.
28.
According to psychoanalysis, a person’s attention is attracted ________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance, and information content.
30.
The lady who has _______ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.
32.
Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US ________ closed for an apparent security review.
33.
American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game ______ the legendary O’Neal, who ______ the “Great Wall” at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.
34.
Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in _________ computers.
35.
She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house. “I actually think there’s something about the ______ of paper that feels more comforting.” She said.
37.
In Germany, the industrial giants DaimlerChrysler and Siemens recently _______ their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.
38.
He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has left the country _______.
40.
This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible ________ in the character of the population.
41.
_______ a declining birth rate, there will be an over-supply of 27,000 primary school places by 2010, _______ leaving 35 schools idle.
Part Three(Reading Comprehension 10%)
Passage One The Hero
My mother’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.
My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.
One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.
The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.
It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, “It’s the armistice. The war is over.” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.
44.
His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because________.
Passage Two Waking Up from the American Dream ssds
There has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of “Wal-Martization” of America, which refers to the attempt of America’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.
While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, they’re costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India. The result has been an erosion of one of America’s most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.
Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools’ inadequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.
Passage Three Seniors and the City
Tens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer, Fran McCarthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip?” The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging---social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2) 15%
52.
(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says.
(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says.
The researchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient’s emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.
(52)Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.
(53)Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries – those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents – also showed strong associations with anger.
(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.
(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the study’s lead author.
Part Four(Cloze Test 10%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
53.
Last year French drivers killed______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely ______ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation’s highways since 2003, which experts reckon ______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500 ______ radar devices this year.
Last year French drivers killed______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely ______ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation’s highways since 2003, which experts reckon ______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500 ______ radar devices this year.
So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses ______ the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year’s London bombing, in which video cameras ______ a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month ______ the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for “anti-terror” ______ . In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were ______ to give up some civil liberty to improve ______ .
Part Five(Proofreading 10%)
Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on ANSWER SHEET (2).
Examples:
eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (66) begun began
eg. 2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (67) (Scarcely) had (they)
eg. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (68) not
54.
(66) Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country. (67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.
(66) Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country. (67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.
(68) But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.
In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.
(70) Canny college officials, in turn, have found a tactical way to response. (71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applicant’s class rank.
(72) The process has left them exasperating.
(73) “If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,” said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.
(74) Admissions directors say strategy can backfire. When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.
Part Six(Writing 15%)
Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).
55.
