中学教师-高中英语考试

以下是某位英语老师在进行词汇教学时的情景，根据所给信息回答下列问题。
T:Good morning，boys and girls. Today we are going to learn some useful vocabularies in Unit3 of Module 2.Please look at the blackboard and read after me...
（10 minutes later）
T:Now you must memorize all of the 40 words and expressions within 20 minutes and get ready for a dictation...
（20minutes later）
T:Now，time's up. Let's begin our dictation.
（1）请对该教师的教学方式进行评析。（10分）
（2）请对词汇教学给出建议。（10分）
（3）请说明教师可教给学生哪些词汇记忆的方法？（10分）

根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
词汇的用法包括哪些内容？简述词汇用法的呈现与讲解方法，从中选取两种方法进行举例说明。

请简要说明词汇教学的原则（8分），并列举两种词汇巩固的方法（12分）。

Passage2

     Old stereotypes diehard. Picture a video-game player and you will likely imagine a teenage boy, byhimself, compulsively hammering away at a game involving rayguns and aliensthat splatter when blasted. Ten years ago that might have borne some relationto reality. But today a gamer is as likely to be a middle-aged commuterplaying  "Angry Birds" on hersmartphone. In America, the biggest market, the average game-player is 37 yearsold. Two-fifths are female.

     Over the past tenyears the video-game industry has grown from a small business to a huge, mainstreamone. With global sales of $56 billion in 2010, it is more than twice the sizeof the recorded-music industry. Despite the downturn, it is growing by almost9% a year.

    Is this success dueto luck or skill? The answer matters, because the rest of the entertainmentindustry has tended to treat gaming as being a lucky beneficiary of broadertechnological changes. Video gaming, unlike music, film or television, had theluck to be born digital. In fact, there is plenty  for old media to learn.

    Video games have certainly been swept along bytwo forces: demography and technology. The first gaming generation-the childrenof the 1970s and early 1980s-is now over 30. Many still love gaming, and canafford to spend far more on it now. Meanwhile rapid improvements in computingpower have allowed game designers to offer experiences that are now often morecinematic than the cinema.

     But even grantedthis good fortune, the game-makers have been clever. They have reached out tonew customers with new methods. They have branched out into education,corporate training and even warfare, and have embraced digital downloads andmobile devices with enthusiasm. Though big-budget games are still popular, muchof the growth now comes from  "casual" games that are simple, cheap and playable in shortbursts on mobile phones or in web browsers.

     The industry hasexcelled in a particular area-pricing. In an era when people are disinclined topay for content on the web, games publishers were quick to develop"freemium" models, where you rely on non-paying customers to build anaudience and then extract cash only from a fanatical few.

Asgaming comes to be seen as just another medium, its tech-savvy approachcould provide awelcome shot in the arm for existing media groups.

All of the following methods are employed to attract new customers EXCEPT______.

Passage2

Itused to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole oftheir working lives. They’d get a gold watch at the end of their productiveyears and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty.But today’s rich capitalists have regressed to the “survival of the fittest”ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to theirstockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out gold watches worth ahundred or so dollars for forty or so years of work, they grab tens and evenhundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit the companythey may have been with for only a few years.

Thenew rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the wealth that thecountry as a whole has produce

Thetop 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed indownsizing and outsourcing because these business maneuvers don’t act to createnew jobs as the founder of new industries used to do, but only out jobs whilekeeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.

Tokeep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all thepoliticians from the top down. The president himself is constantly leavingWashington and the business at the nation because he is summoned to “fundraisingdinners” where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to warm their wayinto government not through service but through donations of vast amounts ofmoney. Once on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing upall the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich.

Themiddle class used to be loyal to the free enterprise system. In the past, thepeople of the middle class mostly thought they’d be rich themselves someday orhave a good shot at becoming rich. But nowadays income is being distributedmore and more unevenly and corporate loyalty is a thing of the past. The middleclass may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprisesystem altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us whileletting the corporations do what they please with our jobs. As things stand, ifsomebody doesn’t wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized allthe way to the bottom of society.

The rich try to sway the policy of the government by ____.

Passage1

    Come on-Everybody'sdoing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is  what most of us think of when we hear thewords peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casualsex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that  peer pressure can also be a positive forcethrough what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officialsuse the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives andpossibly the word.

    Rosenberg, therecipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called RageAgainst the Haze sets

 out to make cigarettesuncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife  recruits young people to promote safe sexamong their peers.

     The idea seemspromising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lamenessof many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressurefor healthy habits ,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.   "Dare to be different, please don'tsmoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg arguesconvincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applyingpeer pressure.

     But on the generaleffectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Clubis filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of thesocial and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The mostglaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't workvery well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding wascut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited andmixed.

     There's no doubtthat our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging bodyof research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spreadthrough networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form ofpeer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

    Farless certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can selectour peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's likethe teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing themwith better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's theproblem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, asin school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as_____.

Passage1

    Come on-Everybody'sdoing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is  what most of us think of when we hear thewords peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casualsex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that  peer pressure can also be a positive forcethrough what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officialsuse the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives andpossibly the word.

    Rosenberg, therecipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called RageAgainst the Haze sets

 out to make cigarettesuncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife  recruits young people to promote safe sexamong their peers.

     The idea seemspromising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lamenessof many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressurefor healthy habits ,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.   "Dare to be different, please don'tsmoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg arguesconvincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applyingpeer pressure.

     But on the generaleffectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Clubis filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of thesocial and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The mostglaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't workvery well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding wascut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited andmixed.

     There's no doubtthat our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging bodyof research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spreadthrough networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form ofpeer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

    Farless certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can selectour peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's likethe teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing themwith better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's theproblem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, asin school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should______.

Passage1

    Come on-Everybody'sdoing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is  what most of us think of when we hear thewords peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casualsex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that  peer pressure can also be a positive forcethrough what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officialsuse the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives andpossibly the word.

    Rosenberg, therecipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called RageAgainst the Haze sets

 out to make cigarettesuncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife  recruits young people to promote safe sexamong their peers.

     The idea seemspromising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lamenessof many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressurefor healthy habits ,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.   "Dare to be different, please don'tsmoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg arguesconvincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applyingpeer pressure.

     But on the generaleffectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Clubis filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of thesocial and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The mostglaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't workvery well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding wascut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited andmixed.

     There's no doubtthat our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging bodyof research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spreadthrough networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form ofpeer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

    Farless certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can selectour peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's likethe teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing themwith better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's theproblem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, asin school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

In the author's view, Rosenberg's book fails to_______.

Passage2

Itused to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole oftheir working lives. They’d get a gold watch at the end of their productiveyears and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty.But today’s rich capitalists have regressed to the “survival of the fittest”ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to theirstockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out gold watches worth ahundred or so dollars for forty or so years of work, they grab tens and evenhundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit the companythey may have been with for only a few years.

Thenew rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the wealth that thecountry as a whole has produce

Thetop 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed indownsizing and outsourcing because these business maneuvers don’t act to createnew jobs as the founder of new industries used to do, but only out jobs whilekeeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.

Tokeep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all thepoliticians from the top down. The president himself is constantly leavingWashington and the business at the nation because he is summoned to “fundraisingdinners” where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to warm their wayinto government not through service but through donations of vast amounts ofmoney. Once on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing upall the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich.

Themiddle class used to be loyal to the free enterprise system. In the past, thepeople of the middle class mostly thought they’d be rich themselves someday orhave a good shot at becoming rich. But nowadays income is being distributedmore and more unevenly and corporate loyalty is a thing of the past. The middleclass may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprisesystem altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us whileletting the corporations do what they please with our jobs. As things stand, ifsomebody doesn’t wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized allthe way to the bottom of society.

The author is strongly critical of today’s rich capitalists for ____.

Passage2

Itused to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole oftheir working lives. They’d get a gold watch at the end of their productiveyears and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty.But today’s rich capitalists have regressed to the “survival of the fittest”ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to theirstockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out gold watches worth ahundred or so dollars for forty or so years of work, they grab tens and evenhundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit the companythey may have been with for only a few years.

Thenew rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the wealth that thecountry as a whole has produce

Thetop 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed indownsizing and outsourcing because these business maneuvers don’t act to createnew jobs as the founder of new industries used to do, but only out jobs whilekeeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.

Tokeep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all thepoliticians from the top down. The president himself is constantly leavingWashington and the business at the nation because he is summoned to “fundraisingdinners” where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to warm their wayinto government not through service but through donations of vast amounts ofmoney. Once on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing upall the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich.

Themiddle class used to be loyal to the free enterprise system. In the past, thepeople of the middle class mostly thought they’d be rich themselves someday orhave a good shot at becoming rich. But nowadays income is being distributedmore and more unevenly and corporate loyalty is a thing of the past. The middleclass may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprisesystem altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us whileletting the corporations do what they please with our jobs. As things stand, ifsomebody doesn’t wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized allthe way to the bottom of society.

It can be inferred from the first paragraph that people used to place a high value on ____.

Passage2

Itused to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole oftheir working lives. They’d get a gold watch at the end of their productiveyears and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty.But today’s rich capitalists have regressed to the “survival of the fittest”ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to theirstockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out gold watches worth ahundred or so dollars for forty or so years of work, they grab tens and evenhundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit the companythey may have been with for only a few years.

Thenew rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the wealth that thecountry as a whole has produce

Thetop 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed indownsizing and outsourcing because these business maneuvers don’t act to createnew jobs as the founder of new industries used to do, but only out jobs whilekeeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.

Tokeep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all thepoliticians from the top down. The president himself is constantly leavingWashington and the business at the nation because he is summoned to “fundraisingdinners” where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to warm their wayinto government not through service but through donations of vast amounts ofmoney. Once on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing upall the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich.

Themiddle class used to be loyal to the free enterprise system. In the past, thepeople of the middle class mostly thought they’d be rich themselves someday orhave a good shot at becoming rich. But nowadays income is being distributedmore and more unevenly and corporate loyalty is a thing of the past. The middleclass may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprisesystem altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us whileletting the corporations do what they please with our jobs. As things stand, ifsomebody doesn’t wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized allthe way to the bottom of society.

What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

When countries become industrialized, _______.

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______.

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______.

Passage2

Itused to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole oftheir working lives. They’d get a gold watch at the end of their productiveyears and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty.But today’s rich capitalists have regressed to the “survival of the fittest”ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to theirstockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out gold watches worth ahundred or so dollars for forty or so years of work, they grab tens and evenhundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit the companythey may have been with for only a few years.

Thenew rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the wealth that thecountry as a whole has produce

Thetop 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed indownsizing and outsourcing because these business maneuvers don’t act to createnew jobs as the founder of new industries used to do, but only out jobs whilekeeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.

Tokeep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all thepoliticians from the top down. The president himself is constantly leavingWashington and the business at the nation because he is summoned to “fundraisingdinners” where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to warm their wayinto government not through service but through donations of vast amounts ofmoney. Once on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing upall the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich.

Themiddle class used to be loyal to the free enterprise system. In the past, thepeople of the middle class mostly thought they’d be rich themselves someday orhave a good shot at becoming rich. But nowadays income is being distributedmore and more unevenly and corporate loyalty is a thing of the past. The middleclass may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprisesystem altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us whileletting the corporations do what they please with our jobs. As things stand, ifsomebody doesn’t wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized allthe way to the bottom of society.

The immediate consequence of the new capitalists’ practice is ____.

Which activity is appropriate in the pre-reading step?

Some teachers teach reading by introducing new vocabulary and structure first and then going over the text sentence by sentence and paragraph by paragraph with the students. This way is known as__________.

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______.

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______.

Passage 1    A lyric is a subjective poem of intense personal emotion whose principal quality is its musical form. Poe, master of the lyric, was led to explain all poetry as the thythmical creation of beauty in words. Because great poetry is often pure music, haunting melody, and chiming syllables, the reader should not glance through poetry as he read his newspaper or the latest magazine-skipping a word here and a line there, and still hope to get what the author had intended for him. Poetry being music, like all other forms of music, it gains its meaning when interpreted by the human voice.    It is the special function of lyrical poetry to give pleasure through this musical quality no less than through fine contemplation of beauty it inspires-beauty of thought, of feeling, of expression, and of technical skill. But poetry is more than a great pleasure. It should also be an outlet for our own unspoken thoughts and our varied moods. It makes our choked-up passageways of speech, giving adequate expression to our pent-up loves and joys and glories, and fumishes release and relief to our fears, grieves and sorrows. A great poet takes our half-formed thoughts, or suppressed moods, our crushed desires, and needs, and leads them out into the open, endowing them with a harmony, and completeness ...    Great verse can help to vitalize our thinking about the commonplace and elemental in life, and can idealize and give meaning to the simplest things in creation. Listen to Tennyson:    Flower in the crannied wall,    I pluck you out of the crannies,    I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,    Little flower-but if I could understand,    What you are, root and all, and all in all,    I should know what God and man is.
According to the author, a great poet is one who ______ .

Passage 1    A lyric is a subjective poem of intense personal emotion whose principal quality is its musical form. Poe, master of the lyric, was led to explain all poetry as the thythmical creation of beauty in words. Because great poetry is often pure music, haunting melody, and chiming syllables, the reader should not glance through poetry as he read his newspaper or the latest magazine-skipping a word here and a line there, and still hope to get what the author had intended for him. Poetry being music, like all other forms of music, it gains its meaning when interpreted by the human voice.    It is the special function of lyrical poetry to give pleasure through this musical quality no less than through fine contemplation of beauty it inspires-beauty of thought, of feeling, of expression, and of technical skill. But poetry is more than a great pleasure. It should also be an outlet for our own unspoken thoughts and our varied moods. It makes our choked-up passageways of speech, giving adequate expression to our pent-up loves and joys and glories, and fumishes release and relief to our fears, grieves and sorrows. A great poet takes our half-formed thoughts, or suppressed moods, our crushed desires, and needs, and leads them out into the open, endowing them with a harmony, and completeness ...    Great verse can help to vitalize our thinking about the commonplace and elemental in life, and can idealize and give meaning to the simplest things in creation. Listen to Tennyson:    Flower in the crannied wall,    I pluck you out of the crannies,    I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,    Little flower-but if I could understand,    What you are, root and all, and all in all,    I should know what God and man is.
It can be inferred from Tennyson's poem that ______.

Passage 1    A lyric is a subjective poem of intense personal emotion whose principal quality is its musical form. Poe, master of the lyric, was led to explain all poetry as the thythmical creation of beauty in words. Because great poetry is often pure music, haunting melody, and chiming syllables, the reader should not glance through poetry as he read his newspaper or the latest magazine-skipping a word here and a line there, and still hope to get what the author had intended for him. Poetry being music, like all other forms of music, it gains its meaning when interpreted by the human voice.    It is the special function of lyrical poetry to give pleasure through this musical quality no less than through fine contemplation of beauty it inspires-beauty of thought, of feeling, of expression, and of technical skill. But poetry is more than a great pleasure. It should also be an outlet for our own unspoken thoughts and our varied moods. It makes our choked-up passageways of speech, giving adequate expression to our pent-up loves and joys and glories, and fumishes release and relief to our fears, grieves and sorrows. A great poet takes our half-formed thoughts, or suppressed moods, our crushed desires, and needs, and leads them out into the open, endowing them with a harmony, and completeness ...    Great verse can help to vitalize our thinking about the commonplace and elemental in life, and can idealize and give meaning to the simplest things in creation. Listen to Tennyson:    Flower in the crannied wall,    I pluck you out of the crannies,    I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,    Little flower-but if I could understand,    What you are, root and all, and all in all,    I should know what God and man is.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Passage 1    The World Cup has become the most streamed live sporting event the US has ever seen, as Americans tuned in to this year's tournament on their smart phones, tablets and computers in record numbers.    A of US interest in football this year has also led to record television audiences for broadcasts on ESPN and Uni-vision, the Spanish-language network. The US team's loss on Tuesday to Belgium averaged a 9.6 0vernight rating on ESPN, according to Nielsen, the highest for any World Cup match the network has broadcast.    But a 50 per cent surge in live streaming compared with the previous record, set during the 2012 London Olympics, shows that the sport's appeal has grown particularly among younger, more digital, fans. Young people are energetic and fond of sporting. The World Cup is a great tournament of football, so they must be attractive. On the other hand, now the electronic devices are developing rapidly, more people have smart phones, tablets and computers. Then to watch the World Cup becomes much easier.US viewers have so far watched nearly 30m hours of streaming video on ESPN's World Cup website and apps, the network said, beating the previous record of 20.4m viewing hours during NBC's 2012 0lympics coverage. Univision has streamed l.5m hours since the start of the tournament.    Last week's USA vs. Germany match drew a record 1.7m streaming viewers to ESPN at its peak, with streaming on Univision peaking at 747,000. Tuesday's USA vs. Belgium match peaked at 1.5m streams on ESPN and 680,000 On Univision.    In comparison, live streaming of January's Super Bowl peaked at 1.1m.    While the elimination of the US team leaves a question mark over US fans' interest in the rest of the tournament, Univision's audience for non-US games has been robust.    Univision said its broadcast on Sunday of the Mexico vs. Netherlands match was the most-watched programme, of any kind, in US Spanish-language TV history, with an average 10.4m viewers. Its audiences have been the largest in cities with large Spanish-speaking populations, such as Miami, Los Angeles, Houston and New York.    With most matches being shown during business hours, Americans are increasingly turning to their devices, such as smart phones, tablets and computers to keep up with the tournament. Fifa, football's governing body, said US fans make up 20 percent of its global digital audience and are spending more time on its website and apps than fans in Brazil, Germany, England and France combined.    With different kind of electronic devices to watch World Cup, the number of audience becomes larger. The flood of demand caused some problems with ESPN's feeds, leading frustrated viewers to take to Twitter to complain about the match cutting out. That had also happened during the USA vs. Germany game.
Which of the following statements is Not true?

Passage 1    The World Cup has become the most streamed live sporting event the US has ever seen, as Americans tuned in to this year's tournament on their smart phones, tablets and computers in record numbers.    A of US interest in football this year has also led to record television audiences for broadcasts on ESPN and Uni-vision, the Spanish-language network. The US team's loss on Tuesday to Belgium averaged a 9.6 0vernight rating on ESPN, according to Nielsen, the highest for any World Cup match the network has broadcast.    But a 50 per cent surge in live streaming compared with the previous record, set during the 2012 London Olympics, shows that the sport's appeal has grown particularly among younger, more digital, fans. Young people are energetic and fond of sporting. The World Cup is a great tournament of football, so they must be attractive. On the other hand, now the electronic devices are developing rapidly, more people have smart phones, tablets and computers. Then to watch the World Cup becomes much easier.US viewers have so far watched nearly 30m hours of streaming video on ESPN's World Cup website and apps, the network said, beating the previous record of 20.4m viewing hours during NBC's 2012 0lympics coverage. Univision has streamed l.5m hours since the start of the tournament.    Last week's USA vs. Germany match drew a record 1.7m streaming viewers to ESPN at its peak, with streaming on Univision peaking at 747,000. Tuesday's USA vs. Belgium match peaked at 1.5m streams on ESPN and 680,000 On Univision.    In comparison, live streaming of January's Super Bowl peaked at 1.1m.    While the elimination of the US team leaves a question mark over US fans' interest in the rest of the tournament, Univision's audience for non-US games has been robust.    Univision said its broadcast on Sunday of the Mexico vs. Netherlands match was the most-watched programme, of any kind, in US Spanish-language TV history, with an average 10.4m viewers. Its audiences have been the largest in cities with large Spanish-speaking populations, such as Miami, Los Angeles, Houston and New York.    With most matches being shown during business hours, Americans are increasingly turning to their devices, such as smart phones, tablets and computers to keep up with the tournament. Fifa, football's governing body, said US fans make up 20 percent of its global digital audience and are spending more time on its website and apps than fans in Brazil, Germany, England and France combined.    With different kind of electronic devices to watch World Cup, the number of audience becomes larger. The flood of demand caused some problems with ESPN's feeds, leading frustrated viewers to take to Twitter to complain about the match cutting out. That had also happened during the USA vs. Germany game.
The best title of the passage may be ______.

Passage 1    A lyric is a subjective poem of intense personal emotion whose principal quality is its musical form. Poe, master of the lyric, was led to explain all poetry as the thythmical creation of beauty in words. Because great poetry is often pure music, haunting melody, and chiming syllables, the reader should not glance through poetry as he read his newspaper or the latest magazine-skipping a word here and a line there, and still hope to get what the author had intended for him. Poetry being music, like all other forms of music, it gains its meaning when interpreted by the human voice.    It is the special function of lyrical poetry to give pleasure through this musical quality no less than through fine contemplation of beauty it inspires-beauty of thought, of feeling, of expression, and of technical skill. But poetry is more than a great pleasure. It should also be an outlet for our own unspoken thoughts and our varied moods. It makes our choked-up passageways of speech, giving adequate expression to our pent-up loves and joys and glories, and fumishes release and relief to our fears, grieves and sorrows. A great poet takes our half-formed thoughts, or suppressed moods, our crushed desires, and needs, and leads them out into the open, endowing them with a harmony, and completeness ...    Great verse can help to vitalize our thinking about the commonplace and elemental in life, and can idealize and give meaning to the simplest things in creation. Listen to Tennyson:    Flower in the crannied wall,    I pluck you out of the crannies,    I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,    Little flower-but if I could understand,    What you are, root and all, and all in all,    I should know what God and man is.
What is the passage mainly about?

Passage 1    A lyric is a subjective poem of intense personal emotion whose principal quality is its musical form. Poe, master of the lyric, was led to explain all poetry as the thythmical creation of beauty in words. Because great poetry is often pure music, haunting melody, and chiming syllables, the reader should not glance through poetry as he read his newspaper or the latest magazine-skipping a word here and a line there, and still hope to get what the author had intended for him. Poetry being music, like all other forms of music, it gains its meaning when interpreted by the human voice.    It is the special function of lyrical poetry to give pleasure through this musical quality no less than through fine contemplation of beauty it inspires-beauty of thought, of feeling, of expression, and of technical skill. But poetry is more than a great pleasure. It should also be an outlet for our own unspoken thoughts and our varied moods. It makes our choked-up passageways of speech, giving adequate expression to our pent-up loves and joys and glories, and fumishes release and relief to our fears, grieves and sorrows. A great poet takes our half-formed thoughts, or suppressed moods, our crushed desires, and needs, and leads them out into the open, endowing them with a harmony, and completeness ...    Great verse can help to vitalize our thinking about the commonplace and elemental in life, and can idealize and give meaning to the simplest things in creation. Listen to Tennyson:    Flower in the crannied wall,    I pluck you out of the crannies,    I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,    Little flower-but if I could understand,    What you are, root and all, and all in all,    I should know what God and man is.
What does the underlined word "articulate" in Para. 2 probably mean?

Passage 1    The World Cup has become the most streamed live sporting event the US has ever seen, as Americans tuned in to this year's tournament on their smart phones, tablets and computers in record numbers.    A of US interest in football this year has also led to record television audiences for broadcasts on ESPN and Uni-vision, the Spanish-language network. The US team's loss on Tuesday to Belgium averaged a 9.6 0vernight rating on ESPN, according to Nielsen, the highest for any World Cup match the network has broadcast.    But a 50 per cent surge in live streaming compared with the previous record, set during the 2012 London Olympics, shows that the sport's appeal has grown particularly among younger, more digital, fans. Young people are energetic and fond of sporting. The World Cup is a great tournament of football, so they must be attractive. On the other hand, now the electronic devices are developing rapidly, more people have smart phones, tablets and computers. Then to watch the World Cup becomes much easier.US viewers have so far watched nearly 30m hours of streaming video on ESPN's World Cup website and apps, the network said, beating the previous record of 20.4m viewing hours during NBC's 2012 0lympics coverage. Univision has streamed l.5m hours since the start of the tournament.    Last week's USA vs. Germany match drew a record 1.7m streaming viewers to ESPN at its peak, with streaming on Univision peaking at 747,000. Tuesday's USA vs. Belgium match peaked at 1.5m streams on ESPN and 680,000 On Univision.    In comparison, live streaming of January's Super Bowl peaked at 1.1m.    While the elimination of the US team leaves a question mark over US fans' interest in the rest of the tournament, Univision's audience for non-US games has been robust.    Univision said its broadcast on Sunday of the Mexico vs. Netherlands match was the most-watched programme, of any kind, in US Spanish-language TV history, with an average 10.4m viewers. Its audiences have been the largest in cities with large Spanish-speaking populations, such as Miami, Los Angeles, Houston and New York.    With most matches being shown during business hours, Americans are increasingly turning to their devices, such as smart phones, tablets and computers to keep up with the tournament. Fifa, football's governing body, said US fans make up 20 percent of its global digital audience and are spending more time on its website and apps than fans in Brazil, Germany, England and France combined.    With different kind of electronic devices to watch World Cup, the number of audience becomes larger. The flood of demand caused some problems with ESPN's feeds, leading frustrated viewers to take to Twitter to complain about the match cutting out. That had also happened during the USA vs. Germany game.
The word "surge" (Line 1, Para. 2) may mean ______.

Passage 1    The World Cup has become the most streamed live sporting event the US has ever seen, as Americans tuned in to this year's tournament on their smart phones, tablets and computers in record numbers.    A of US interest in football this year has also led to record television audiences for broadcasts on ESPN and Uni-vision, the Spanish-language network. The US team's loss on Tuesday to Belgium averaged a 9.6 0vernight rating on ESPN, according to Nielsen, the highest for any World Cup match the network has broadcast.    But a 50 per cent surge in live streaming compared with the previous record, set during the 2012 London Olympics, shows that the sport's appeal has grown particularly among younger, more digital, fans. Young people are energetic and fond of sporting. The World Cup is a great tournament of football, so they must be attractive. On the other hand, now the electronic devices are developing rapidly, more people have smart phones, tablets and computers. Then to watch the World Cup becomes much easier.US viewers have so far watched nearly 30m hours of streaming video on ESPN's World Cup website and apps, the network said, beating the previous record of 20.4m viewing hours during NBC's 2012 0lympics coverage. Univision has streamed l.5m hours since the start of the tournament.    Last week's USA vs. Germany match drew a record 1.7m streaming viewers to ESPN at its peak, with streaming on Univision peaking at 747,000. Tuesday's USA vs. Belgium match peaked at 1.5m streams on ESPN and 680,000 On Univision.    In comparison, live streaming of January's Super Bowl peaked at 1.1m.    While the elimination of the US team leaves a question mark over US fans' interest in the rest of the tournament, Univision's audience for non-US games has been robust.    Univision said its broadcast on Sunday of the Mexico vs. Netherlands match was the most-watched programme, of any kind, in US Spanish-language TV history, with an average 10.4m viewers. Its audiences have been the largest in cities with large Spanish-speaking populations, such as Miami, Los Angeles, Houston and New York.    With most matches being shown during business hours, Americans are increasingly turning to their devices, such as smart phones, tablets and computers to keep up with the tournament. Fifa, football's governing body, said US fans make up 20 percent of its global digital audience and are spending more time on its website and apps than fans in Brazil, Germany, England and France combined.    With different kind of electronic devices to watch World Cup, the number of audience becomes larger. The flood of demand caused some problems with ESPN's feeds, leading frustrated viewers to take to Twitter to complain about the match cutting out. That had also happened during the USA vs. Germany game.
What can we conclude from the first two paragraphs?

Passage 1    The World Cup has become the most streamed live sporting event the US has ever seen, as Americans tuned in to this year's tournament on their smart phones, tablets and computers in record numbers.    A of US interest in football this year has also led to record television audiences for broadcasts on ESPN and Uni-vision, the Spanish-language network. The US team's loss on Tuesday to Belgium averaged a 9.6 0vernight rating on ESPN, according to Nielsen, the highest for any World Cup match the network has broadcast.    But a 50 per cent surge in live streaming compared with the previous record, set during the 2012 London Olympics, shows that the sport's appeal has grown particularly among younger, more digital, fans. Young people are energetic and fond of sporting. The World Cup is a great tournament of football, so they must be attractive. On the other hand, now the electronic devices are developing rapidly, more people have smart phones, tablets and computers. Then to watch the World Cup becomes much easier.US viewers have so far watched nearly 30m hours of streaming video on ESPN's World Cup website and apps, the network said, beating the previous record of 20.4m viewing hours during NBC's 2012 0lympics coverage. Univision has streamed l.5m hours since the start of the tournament.    Last week's USA vs. Germany match drew a record 1.7m streaming viewers to ESPN at its peak, with streaming on Univision peaking at 747,000. Tuesday's USA vs. Belgium match peaked at 1.5m streams on ESPN and 680,000 On Univision.    In comparison, live streaming of January's Super Bowl peaked at 1.1m.    While the elimination of the US team leaves a question mark over US fans' interest in the rest of the tournament, Univision's audience for non-US games has been robust.    Univision said its broadcast on Sunday of the Mexico vs. Netherlands match was the most-watched programme, of any kind, in US Spanish-language TV history, with an average 10.4m viewers. Its audiences have been the largest in cities with large Spanish-speaking populations, such as Miami, Los Angeles, Houston and New York.    With most matches being shown during business hours, Americans are increasingly turning to their devices, such as smart phones, tablets and computers to keep up with the tournament. Fifa, football's governing body, said US fans make up 20 percent of its global digital audience and are spending more time on its website and apps than fans in Brazil, Germany, England and France combined.    With different kind of electronic devices to watch World Cup, the number of audience becomes larger. The flood of demand caused some problems with ESPN's feeds, leading frustrated viewers to take to Twitter to complain about the match cutting out. That had also happened during the USA vs. Germany game.
Why has Univision's audience for non-US games been robust?

Passage 1    It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is into a mouse's brain.    But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to "cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.    The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women-it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.    However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.    But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought-even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.    Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans? The answer lies in evolution. "It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring. "Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away." She said, but this study has proven that wrong. "This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."
The experiment found that mice infected with toxoplasma gondii ______.