中学教师-初中英语考试

In a listening class, the teacher asks students to write a broad outline according to their notes which are made during listening. Which stage does this activity belong to?

Passage1

Soon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis，Tenn.，public schools，Kriner Cash ordered an assessment of his new district's 104，000 students. The findings were depressing：nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate had fallen to 67%.One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number of students considered "highly mobile"，meaning they had moved at least once during the school year，had ballooned to 34，000，partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1，500 students were homeless-probably more."I had a whole array of students who were angry，depressed，not getting the rest they needed，"Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: What if the best way to help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out？

Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whose parents are in financial distress，with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prep schools. If Cash's dream becomes a reality，it will probably look a lot like SEED，a charter school in Southeast Washington，which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its  320 students-seventh-to 12th-graders-should live on campus five days a week. They are expected to adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm's common areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 every night it's lights out.

In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect of his proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply among kids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: to prevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won't migrate into middle and high school". Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to S50,000 a day to operate-three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice as many students."It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details." says Ellen Bassuk, president of the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.

What is Kriner Cash worried about most after knowing the result of the assessment?

Passage1

Soon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis，Tenn.，public schools，Kriner Cash ordered an assessment of his new district's 104，000 students. The findings were depressing：nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate had fallen to 67%.One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number of students considered "highly mobile"，meaning they had moved at least once during the school year，had ballooned to 34，000，partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1，500 students were homeless-probably more."I had a whole array of students who were angry，depressed，not getting the rest they needed，"Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: What if the best way to help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out？

Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whose parents are in financial distress，with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prep schools. If Cash's dream becomes a reality，it will probably look a lot like SEED，a charter school in Southeast Washington，which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its  320 students-seventh-to 12th-graders-should live on campus five days a week. They are expected to adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm's common areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 every night it's lights out.

In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect of his proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply among kids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: to prevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won't migrate into middle and high school". Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to S50,000 a day to operate-three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice as many students."It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details." says Ellen Bassuk, president of the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.

From the passage, we learn that the students in SEED________.

Passage2

Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message，half invitation and half forcing，is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking，drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club，Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure，in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg，the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize，offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigaretes  uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize per pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology."Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should________.

Passage2

Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message，half invitation and half forcing，is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking，drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club，Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure，in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg，the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize，offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigaretes  uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize per pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology."Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors.

Passage2

Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message，half invitation and half forcing，is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking，drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club，Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure，in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg，the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize，offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigaretes  uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize per pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology."Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

In the author's view, Rosenberg's book fails to________.

Passage2

Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message，half invitation and half forcing，is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking，drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club，Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure，in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg，the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize，offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigaretes  uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize per pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology."Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is________.

Passage1

Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.

Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.

The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.

The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.

According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.

"Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.

Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.

How can children improve mental health according to the passage？

Passage1

Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.

Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.

The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.

The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.

According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.

"Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.

Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.

Which of the children behavior below leads to the highest risk of the mental problems, according to the University of Bristol study?

Passage2

Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message，half invitation and half forcing，is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking，drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club，Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure，in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg，the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize，offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigaretes  uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize per pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology."Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as________

Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-reading activity?

Passage1

Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.

Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.

The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.

The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.

According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.

"Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.

Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.

How did the researchers carry out the study?

Passage1

Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.

Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.

The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.

The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.

According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.

"Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.

Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.

What information can we get about the University of Bristol study?

Passage1

Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.

Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.

The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.

The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.

According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.

"Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.

Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.

What is the passage mainly about?

Which activity is not appropriate in the post-listening step?

When teachers teach pronunciation to students, which suggestion is useless?

In speaking class, the teacher uses phrases such as "Wow" "My goodness" "Pardon" to communicate with students. Which principle does this teacher focus on?

What can cloze help to train in terms of writing?

Passage2

If you come to Australia，leave your naughty habits at the door. If you live here，get back in your box.

The Australian government announced in the Federal Budget on Tuesday that it will be slogging smokers top dollar for a pack of ciggies.

Right now，they cost on average A$25（$18.91）to A$30 for a packet of 20 or 25 cigarettes，which would already seem like highway robbery to anyone living in any other country on earth. Now，the government will be increasing the cost of cigarettes by 12.5%annually for four years. The increase will smack smokers in September each year.

If you work off a packet costing AS25 today，by 2020 it will set you back a hefty AS40.So unless you are living in a life of luxury，it is probably going to break the bank. Must be time to read the "How to stop smoking" book your old neighbor Dave recommended in 2012.

If you think you'll just bring the cigarettes in through the duty free back door，think again. The government is reducing the amount of cigarettes you can bring into the county from 50 cigarettes to 25 cigarettes. Not 25 packs，25 individual cigarettes. That's one packet.

This price hike will earn the government A$4.7 billion and it will take the tax excise on cigarettes to almost 69% of the average price of a cigarette currently. This is in line with recommendations from the World Health Organization, which advised governments to increase tax by 70% so that it becomes unaffordable.

"These changes will improve the health of Australians by reducing their exposure to tobacco products and will ensure that tobacco products consumed domestically are fully taxed and comply with Australian regulations. "the government noted in the budget papers.

This increase will see Australia remaining easily the most expensive place in the world for smokers. In 2015, cigarettes in the city of Melbourne cost 142% more than in New York. Cigarettes in Sydney were 130% more, according to a Deutsche Bank report.

Australia already has plain packaging laws, which see cigarettes wrapped in generic mould green color and slapped with a photograph of a dying baby.

No more sneaky ciggies for you, casual smoker!

According to the new rules and regulations, a packet of cigarettes costing A$40 will cost you_________ by 2020.

Passage2

If you come to Australia，leave your naughty habits at the door. If you live here，get back in your box.

The Australian government announced in the Federal Budget on Tuesday that it will be slogging smokers top dollar for a pack of ciggies.

Right now，they cost on average A$25（$18.91）to A$30 for a packet of 20 or 25 cigarettes，which would already seem like highway robbery to anyone living in any other country on earth. Now，the government will be increasing the cost of cigarettes by 12.5%annually for four years. The increase will smack smokers in September each year.

If you work off a packet costing AS25 today，by 2020 it will set you back a hefty AS40.So unless you are living in a life of luxury，it is probably going to break the bank. Must be time to read the "How to stop smoking" book your old neighbor Dave recommended in 2012.

If you think you'll just bring the cigarettes in through the duty free back door，think again. The government is reducing the amount of cigarettes you can bring into the county from 50 cigarettes to 25 cigarettes. Not 25 packs，25 individual cigarettes. That's one packet.

This price hike will earn the government A$4.7 billion and it will take the tax excise on cigarettes to almost 69% of the average price of a cigarette currently. This is in line with recommendations from the World Health Organization, which advised governments to increase tax by 70% so that it becomes unaffordable.

"These changes will improve the health of Australians by reducing their exposure to tobacco products and will ensure that tobacco products consumed domestically are fully taxed and comply with Australian regulations. "the government noted in the budget papers.

This increase will see Australia remaining easily the most expensive place in the world for smokers. In 2015, cigarettes in the city of Melbourne cost 142% more than in New York. Cigarettes in Sydney were 130% more, according to a Deutsche Bank report.

Australia already has plain packaging laws, which see cigarettes wrapped in generic mould green color and slapped with a photograph of a dying baby.

No more sneaky ciggies for you, casual smoker!

What does the "slogging smokers top dollar for a pack of ciggies "mean in the second paragraph?

Passage2

If you come to Australia，leave your naughty habits at the door. If you live here，get back in your box.

The Australian government announced in the Federal Budget on Tuesday that it will be slogging smokers top dollar for a pack of ciggies.

Right now，they cost on average A$25（$18.91）to A$30 for a packet of 20 or 25 cigarettes，which would already seem like highway robbery to anyone living in any other country on earth. Now，the government will be increasing the cost of cigarettes by 12.5%annually for four years. The increase will smack smokers in September each year.

If you work off a packet costing AS25 today，by 2020 it will set you back a hefty AS40.So unless you are living in a life of luxury，it is probably going to break the bank. Must be time to read the "How to stop smoking" book your old neighbor Dave recommended in 2012.

If you think you'll just bring the cigarettes in through the duty free back door，think again. The government is reducing the amount of cigarettes you can bring into the county from 50 cigarettes to 25 cigarettes. Not 25 packs，25 individual cigarettes. That's one packet.

This price hike will earn the government A$4.7 billion and it will take the tax excise on cigarettes to almost 69% of the average price of a cigarette currently. This is in line with recommendations from the World Health Organization, which advised governments to increase tax by 70% so that it becomes unaffordable.

"These changes will improve the health of Australians by reducing their exposure to tobacco products and will ensure that tobacco products consumed domestically are fully taxed and comply with Australian regulations. "the government noted in the budget papers.

This increase will see Australia remaining easily the most expensive place in the world for smokers. In 2015, cigarettes in the city of Melbourne cost 142% more than in New York. Cigarettes in Sydney were 130% more, according to a Deutsche Bank report.

Australia already has plain packaging laws, which see cigarettes wrapped in generic mould green color and slapped with a photograph of a dying baby.

No more sneaky ciggies for you, casual smoker!

What is the passage trying to inform us?

Passage2

If you come to Australia，leave your naughty habits at the door. If you live here，get back in your box.

The Australian government announced in the Federal Budget on Tuesday that it will be slogging smokers top dollar for a pack of ciggies.

Right now，they cost on average A$25（$18.91）to A$30 for a packet of 20 or 25 cigarettes，which would already seem like highway robbery to anyone living in any other country on earth. Now，the government will be increasing the cost of cigarettes by 12.5%annually for four years. The increase will smack smokers in September each year.

If you work off a packet costing AS25 today，by 2020 it will set you back a hefty AS40.So unless you are living in a life of luxury，it is probably going to break the bank. Must be time to read the "How to stop smoking" book your old neighbor Dave recommended in 2012.

If you think you'll just bring the cigarettes in through the duty free back door，think again. The government is reducing the amount of cigarettes you can bring into the county from 50 cigarettes to 25 cigarettes. Not 25 packs，25 individual cigarettes. That's one packet.

This price hike will earn the government A$4.7 billion and it will take the tax excise on cigarettes to almost 69% of the average price of a cigarette currently. This is in line with recommendations from the World Health Organization, which advised governments to increase tax by 70% so that it becomes unaffordable.

"These changes will improve the health of Australians by reducing their exposure to tobacco products and will ensure that tobacco products consumed domestically are fully taxed and comply with Australian regulations. "the government noted in the budget papers.

This increase will see Australia remaining easily the most expensive place in the world for smokers. In 2015, cigarettes in the city of Melbourne cost 142% more than in New York. Cigarettes in Sydney were 130% more, according to a Deutsche Bank report.

Australia already has plain packaging laws, which see cigarettes wrapped in generic mould green color and slapped with a photograph of a dying baby.

No more sneaky ciggies for you, casual smoker!

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

Passage1

Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter."As long as it works," he said in 1991,"I' ll  continue to do those commercials."

Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood."He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes, "Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work."He fed me, "Thomas said," and if I got out of line, he'd beat me."

Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind."I thought, if I owned a restaurant, "he said," I could eat for free." A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.

In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales.

Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine,66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.

In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him most likely to succeed.

"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave, "says friend Pat Williams." He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody".

"He was just Joe Everybody" in the last paragraph means_________.

Passage1

Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter."As long as it works," he said in 1991,"I' ll  continue to do those commercials."

Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood."He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes, "Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work."He fed me, "Thomas said," and if I got out of line, he'd beat me."

Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind."I thought, if I owned a restaurant, "he said," I could eat for free." A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.

In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales.

Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine,66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.

In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him most likely to succeed.

"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave, "says friend Pat Williams." He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody".

What's the name of Dave Thomas's business?

Passage2

If you come to Australia，leave your naughty habits at the door. If you live here，get back in your box.

The Australian government announced in the Federal Budget on Tuesday that it will be slogging smokers top dollar for a pack of ciggies.

Right now，they cost on average A$25（$18.91）to A$30 for a packet of 20 or 25 cigarettes，which would already seem like highway robbery to anyone living in any other country on earth. Now，the government will be increasing the cost of cigarettes by 12.5%annually for four years. The increase will smack smokers in September each year.

If you work off a packet costing AS25 today，by 2020 it will set you back a hefty AS40.So unless you are living in a life of luxury，it is probably going to break the bank. Must be time to read the "How to stop smoking" book your old neighbor Dave recommended in 2012.

If you think you'll just bring the cigarettes in through the duty free back door，think again. The government is reducing the amount of cigarettes you can bring into the county from 50 cigarettes to 25 cigarettes. Not 25 packs，25 individual cigarettes. That's one packet.

This price hike will earn the government A$4.7 billion and it will take the tax excise on cigarettes to almost 69% of the average price of a cigarette currently. This is in line with recommendations from the World Health Organization, which advised governments to increase tax by 70% so that it becomes unaffordable.

"These changes will improve the health of Australians by reducing their exposure to tobacco products and will ensure that tobacco products consumed domestically are fully taxed and comply with Australian regulations. "the government noted in the budget papers.

This increase will see Australia remaining easily the most expensive place in the world for smokers. In 2015, cigarettes in the city of Melbourne cost 142% more than in New York. Cigarettes in Sydney were 130% more, according to a Deutsche Bank report.

Australia already has plain packaging laws, which see cigarettes wrapped in generic mould green color and slapped with a photograph of a dying baby.

No more sneaky ciggies for you, casual smoker!

What does the "naughty habits" in the first paragraph refer to?

Which of the following activities can be used to get the main idea of a passage?

Passage1

Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter."As long as it works," he said in 1991,"I' ll  continue to do those commercials."

Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood."He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes, "Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work."He fed me, "Thomas said," and if I got out of line, he'd beat me."

Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind."I thought, if I owned a restaurant, "he said," I could eat for free." A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.

In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales.

Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine,66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.

In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him most likely to succeed.

"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave, "says friend Pat Williams." He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody".

What is the article mainly about?

Passage1

Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter."As long as it works," he said in 1991,"I' ll  continue to do those commercials."

Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood."He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes, "Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work."He fed me, "Thomas said," and if I got out of line, he'd beat me."

Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind."I thought, if I owned a restaurant, "he said," I could eat for free." A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.

In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales.

Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine,66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.

In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him most likely to succeed.

"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave, "says friend Pat Williams." He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody".

Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas's life.

a. graduated from high school

b. started his own business

c. became a millionaire

d. started a foundation

e. met Harland sanders

Passage1

Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter."As long as it works," he said in 1991,"I' ll  continue to do those commercials."

Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood."He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes, "Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work."He fed me, "Thomas said," and if I got out of line, he'd beat me."

Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind."I thought, if I owned a restaurant, "he said," I could eat for free." A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.

In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales.

Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine,66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.

In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him most likely to succeed.

"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave, "says friend Pat Williams." He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody".

What do we know about his childhood?

Passage 2

Last year I lived in Chile for half a year as an exchange student with the American Field Service. Compared to most visitors,I didn't travel much. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager.I went to school every day, in uniform. I had good days andbad days and days that I didn't understand.

Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp in the Atacama Desert. There is no disco, no shopping center, no museum or beach. Driveways must be watered daily to keep the dust down.

When I arrived here,I was scared. It was so different from the urban middle-class America I was accustomed to. There were lost dogs on the streets, and a constant cloud of brick-colored dust came from the mine. There was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and litle to do for amusement. The people worked extremely hard. Rain was a rare phenomenon; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.

I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was barely able to communicate and desperate for one person to whom I could explain my shock.I couldn't speak the thoughts in my head-and there were so many.

Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression toward the people to lack of appetite or weight gain and depression.I was required to overcome all difficulties. Being an exchange student is not easy.

As time passed, everything changed.I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food.I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.

But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain.I learned how to accept as well as to succeed in another culture.I now know the world is my community and have a much deeper understanding of both myself and others.

What can we learn from the passage？