def clip_files(file_list):
offset = ctypes.sizeof(DROPFILES)
length = sum(len(p) + 1 for p in file_list) + 1
size = offset + length * ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_wchar)
buf = (ctypes.c_char * size)()
df = DROPFILES.from_buffer(buf)
df.pFiles, df.fWide = offset, True
for path in file_list:
path = path.decode('gbk')
print "copying to clipboard, filename = " + path
array_t = ctypes.c_wchar * (len(path) + 1)
path_buf = array_t.from_buffer(buf, offset)
path_buf.value = path
offset += ctypes.sizeof(path_buf)
stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, buf)
win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
win32clipboard.EmptyClipboard()
try:
win32clipboard.SetClipboardData(win32clipboard.CF_HDROP, stg.data)
print "clip_files() succeed"
finally:
win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()
python类TYMED_HGLOBAL的实例源码
def GetData(self, fe):
ret_stg = None
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT and \
tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
if cf == win32con.CF_TEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
# ensure always 'bytes' by encoding string.
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, str2bytes(self.strval))
elif cf == win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, unicode(self.strval))
if ret_stg is None:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.E_NOTIMPL)
return ret_stg
def GetData(self, fe):
ret_stg = None
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT and \
tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
if cf == win32con.CF_TEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
# ensure always 'bytes' by encoding string.
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, str2bytes(self.strval))
elif cf == win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, unicode(self.strval))
if ret_stg is None:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.E_NOTIMPL)
return ret_stg
def GetData(self, fe):
ret_stg = None
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT and \
tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
if cf == win32con.CF_TEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
# ensure always 'bytes' by encoding string.
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, str2bytes(self.strval))
elif cf == win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, unicode(self.strval))
if ret_stg is None:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.E_NOTIMPL)
return ret_stg
def GetData(self, fe):
ret_stg = None
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT and \
tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
if cf == win32con.CF_TEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
# ensure always 'bytes' by encoding string.
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, str2bytes(self.strval))
elif cf == win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT:
ret_stg = pythoncom.STGMEDIUM()
ret_stg.set(pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL, str(self.strval))
if ret_stg is None:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.E_NOTIMPL)
return ret_stg
def __init__(self, strval):
global num_do_objects
num_do_objects += 1
self.strval = strval
self.supported_fe = []
for cf in (win32con.CF_TEXT, win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT):
fe = cf, None, pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
self.supported_fe.append(fe)
def QueryGetData(self, fe):
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT == 0:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_DVASPECT)
if tymed!=pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_TYMED)
return None # should check better
def testWin32ToCom(self):
# Set the data via the std win32 clipboard functions.
val = str2bytes("Hello again!") # ensure always bytes, even in py3k
win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
win32clipboard.SetClipboardData(win32con.CF_TEXT, val)
win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()
# and get it via an IDataObject provided by COM
do = pythoncom.OleGetClipboard()
cf = win32con.CF_TEXT, None, pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
stg = do.GetData(cf)
got = stg.data
# The data we get back has the \0, as our STGMEDIUM has no way of
# knowing if it meant to be a string, or a binary buffer, so
# it must return it too.
self.failUnlessEqual(got, str2bytes("Hello again!\0"))
def __init__(self, strval):
global num_do_objects
num_do_objects += 1
self.strval = strval
self.supported_fe = []
for cf in (win32con.CF_TEXT, win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT):
fe = cf, None, pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
self.supported_fe.append(fe)
def QueryGetData(self, fe):
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT == 0:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_DVASPECT)
if tymed!=pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_TYMED)
return None # should check better
def testWin32ToCom(self):
# Set the data via the std win32 clipboard functions.
val = str2bytes("Hello again!") # ensure always bytes, even in py3k
win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
win32clipboard.SetClipboardData(win32con.CF_TEXT, val)
win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()
# and get it via an IDataObject provided by COM
do = pythoncom.OleGetClipboard()
cf = win32con.CF_TEXT, None, pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
stg = do.GetData(cf)
got = stg.data
# The data we get back has the \0, as our STGMEDIUM has no way of
# knowing if it meant to be a string, or a binary buffer, so
# it must return it too.
self.failUnlessEqual(got, str2bytes("Hello again!\0"))
def __init__(self, strval):
global num_do_objects
num_do_objects += 1
self.strval = strval
self.supported_fe = []
for cf in (win32con.CF_TEXT, win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT):
fe = cf, None, pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
self.supported_fe.append(fe)
def QueryGetData(self, fe):
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT == 0:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_DVASPECT)
if tymed!=pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_TYMED)
return None # should check better
def __init__(self, strval):
global num_do_objects
num_do_objects += 1
self.strval = strval
self.supported_fe = []
for cf in (win32con.CF_TEXT, win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT):
fe = cf, None, pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
self.supported_fe.append(fe)
def QueryGetData(self, fe):
cf, target, aspect, index, tymed = fe
if aspect & pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT == 0:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_DVASPECT)
if tymed!=pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
raise COMException(hresult=winerror.DV_E_TYMED)
return None # should check better
def QueryContextMenu(self, hMenu, indexMenu, idCmdFirst, idCmdLast, uFlags):
print "QCM", hMenu, indexMenu, idCmdFirst, idCmdLast, uFlags
# Query the items clicked on
format_etc = win32con.CF_HDROP, None, 1, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
sm = self.dataobj.GetData(format_etc)
num_files = shell.DragQueryFile(sm.data_handle, -1)
if num_files>1:
msg = "&Hello from Python (with %d files selected)" % num_files
else:
fname = shell.DragQueryFile(sm.data_handle, 0)
msg = "&Hello from Python (with '%s' selected)" % fname
idCmd = idCmdFirst
items = ['First Python content menu item']
if (uFlags & 0x000F) == shellcon.CMF_NORMAL: # Check == here, since CMF_NORMAL=0
print "CMF_NORMAL..."
items.append(msg)
elif uFlags & shellcon.CMF_VERBSONLY:
print "CMF_VERBSONLY..."
items.append(msg + " - shortcut")
elif uFlags & shellcon.CMF_EXPLORE:
print "CMF_EXPLORE..."
items.append(msg + " - normal file, right-click in Explorer")
elif uFlags & CMF_DEFAULTONLY:
print "CMF_DEFAULTONLY...\r\n"
else:
print "** unknown flags", uFlags
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_SEPARATOR|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
0, None)
indexMenu += 1
for item in items:
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_STRING|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
idCmd, item)
indexMenu += 1
idCmd += 1
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_SEPARATOR|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
0, None)
indexMenu += 1
return idCmd-idCmdFirst # Must return number of menu items we added.
def DumpClipboard():
do = pythoncom.OleGetClipboard()
print "Dumping all clipboard formats..."
for fe in do.EnumFormatEtc():
fmt, td, aspect, index, tymed = fe
tymeds_this = [getattr(pythoncom, t) for t in tymeds if tymed & getattr(pythoncom, t)]
print "Clipboard format", format_name_map.get(fmt,str(fmt))
for t_this in tymeds_this:
# As we are enumerating there should be no need to call
# QueryGetData, but we do anyway!
fetc_query = fmt, td, aspect, index, t_this
try:
do.QueryGetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error:
print "Eeek - QGD indicated failure for tymed", t_this
# now actually get it.
try:
medium = do.GetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error, exc:
print "Failed to get the clipboard data:", exc
continue
if medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_GDI:
data = "GDI handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_MFPICT:
data = "METAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ENHMF:
data = "ENHMETAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
data = "%d bytes via HGLOBAL" % len(medium.data)
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_FILE:
data = "filename '%s'" % data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTREAM:
stream = medium.data
stream.Seek(0,0)
bytes = 0
while 1:
chunk = stream.Read(4096)
if not chunk:
break
bytes += len(chunk)
data = "%d bytes via IStream" % bytes
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTORAGE:
data = "a IStorage"
else:
data = "*** unknown tymed!"
print " -> got", data
do = None
def DumpClipboard():
do = pythoncom.OleGetClipboard()
print "Dumping all clipboard formats..."
for fe in do.EnumFormatEtc():
fmt, td, aspect, index, tymed = fe
tymeds_this = [getattr(pythoncom, t) for t in tymeds if tymed & getattr(pythoncom, t)]
print "Clipboard format", format_name_map.get(fmt,str(fmt))
for t_this in tymeds_this:
# As we are enumerating there should be no need to call
# QueryGetData, but we do anyway!
fetc_query = fmt, td, aspect, index, t_this
try:
do.QueryGetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error:
print "Eeek - QGD indicated failure for tymed", t_this
# now actually get it.
try:
medium = do.GetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error, exc:
print "Failed to get the clipboard data:", exc
continue
if medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_GDI:
data = "GDI handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_MFPICT:
data = "METAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ENHMF:
data = "ENHMETAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
data = "%d bytes via HGLOBAL" % len(medium.data)
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_FILE:
data = "filename '%s'" % data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTREAM:
stream = medium.data
stream.Seek(0,0)
bytes = 0
while 1:
chunk = stream.Read(4096)
if not chunk:
break
bytes += len(chunk)
data = "%d bytes via IStream" % bytes
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTORAGE:
data = "a IStorage"
else:
data = "*** unknown tymed!"
print " -> got", data
do = None
def QueryContextMenu(self, hMenu, indexMenu, idCmdFirst, idCmdLast, uFlags):
print "QCM", hMenu, indexMenu, idCmdFirst, idCmdLast, uFlags
# Query the items clicked on
format_etc = win32con.CF_HDROP, None, 1, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
sm = self.dataobj.GetData(format_etc)
num_files = shell.DragQueryFile(sm.data_handle, -1)
if num_files>1:
msg = "&Hello from Python (with %d files selected)" % num_files
else:
fname = shell.DragQueryFile(sm.data_handle, 0)
msg = "&Hello from Python (with '%s' selected)" % fname
idCmd = idCmdFirst
items = ['First Python content menu item']
if (uFlags & 0x000F) == shellcon.CMF_NORMAL: # Check == here, since CMF_NORMAL=0
print "CMF_NORMAL..."
items.append(msg)
elif uFlags & shellcon.CMF_VERBSONLY:
print "CMF_VERBSONLY..."
items.append(msg + " - shortcut")
elif uFlags & shellcon.CMF_EXPLORE:
print "CMF_EXPLORE..."
items.append(msg + " - normal file, right-click in Explorer")
elif uFlags & CMF_DEFAULTONLY:
print "CMF_DEFAULTONLY...\r\n"
else:
print "** unknown flags", uFlags
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_SEPARATOR|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
0, None)
indexMenu += 1
for item in items:
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_STRING|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
idCmd, item)
indexMenu += 1
idCmd += 1
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_SEPARATOR|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
0, None)
indexMenu += 1
return idCmd-idCmdFirst # Must return number of menu items we added.
def main():
hwnd = 0
# Create an instance of the object picker.
picker = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(adsi.CLSID_DsObjectPicker,
None,
pythoncom.CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
adsi.IID_IDsObjectPicker)
# Create our scope init info.
siis = adsi.DSOP_SCOPE_INIT_INFOs(1)
sii = siis[0]
# Combine multiple scope types in a single array entry.
sii.type = DSOP_SCOPE_TYPE_UPLEVEL_JOINED_DOMAIN | \
DSOP_SCOPE_TYPE_DOWNLEVEL_JOINED_DOMAIN
# Set uplevel and downlevel filters to include only computer objects.
# Uplevel filters apply to both mixed and native modes.
# Notice that the uplevel and downlevel flags are different.
sii.filterFlags.uplevel.bothModes = DSOP_FILTER_COMPUTERS
sii.filterFlags.downlevel = DSOP_DOWNLEVEL_FILTER_COMPUTERS
# Initialize the interface.
picker.Initialize(
None, # Target is the local computer.
siis, # scope infos
DSOP_FLAG_MULTISELECT, # options
('objectGUID','displayName') ) # attributes to fetch
do = picker.InvokeDialog(hwnd)
# Extract the data from the IDataObject.
format_etc = (cf_objectpicker, None,
pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1,
pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL)
medium = do.GetData(format_etc)
data = adsi.StringAsDS_SELECTION_LIST(medium.data)
for item in data:
name, klass, adspath, upn, attrs, flags = item
print "Item", name
print " Class:", klass
print " AdsPath:", adspath
print " UPN:", upn
print " Attrs:", attrs
print " Flags:", flags
def DumpClipboard():
do = pythoncom.OleGetClipboard()
print "Dumping all clipboard formats..."
for fe in do.EnumFormatEtc():
fmt, td, aspect, index, tymed = fe
tymeds_this = [getattr(pythoncom, t) for t in tymeds if tymed & getattr(pythoncom, t)]
print "Clipboard format", format_name_map.get(fmt,str(fmt))
for t_this in tymeds_this:
# As we are enumerating there should be no need to call
# QueryGetData, but we do anyway!
fetc_query = fmt, td, aspect, index, t_this
try:
do.QueryGetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error:
print "Eeek - QGD indicated failure for tymed", t_this
# now actually get it.
try:
medium = do.GetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error, exc:
print "Failed to get the clipboard data:", exc
continue
if medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_GDI:
data = "GDI handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_MFPICT:
data = "METAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ENHMF:
data = "ENHMETAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
data = "%d bytes via HGLOBAL" % len(medium.data)
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_FILE:
data = "filename '%s'" % data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTREAM:
stream = medium.data
stream.Seek(0,0)
bytes = 0
while 1:
chunk = stream.Read(4096)
if not chunk:
break
bytes += len(chunk)
data = "%d bytes via IStream" % bytes
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTORAGE:
data = "a IStorage"
else:
data = "*** unknown tymed!"
print " -> got", data
do = None
def QueryContextMenu(self, hMenu, indexMenu, idCmdFirst, idCmdLast, uFlags):
print("QCM", hMenu, indexMenu, idCmdFirst, idCmdLast, uFlags)
# Query the items clicked on
format_etc = win32con.CF_HDROP, None, 1, -1, pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL
sm = self.dataobj.GetData(format_etc)
num_files = shell.DragQueryFile(sm.data_handle, -1)
if num_files>1:
msg = "&Hello from Python (with %d files selected)" % num_files
else:
fname = shell.DragQueryFile(sm.data_handle, 0)
msg = "&Hello from Python (with '%s' selected)" % fname
idCmd = idCmdFirst
items = ['First Python content menu item']
if (uFlags & 0x000F) == shellcon.CMF_NORMAL: # Check == here, since CMF_NORMAL=0
print("CMF_NORMAL...")
items.append(msg)
elif uFlags & shellcon.CMF_VERBSONLY:
print("CMF_VERBSONLY...")
items.append(msg + " - shortcut")
elif uFlags & shellcon.CMF_EXPLORE:
print("CMF_EXPLORE...")
items.append(msg + " - normal file, right-click in Explorer")
elif uFlags & CMF_DEFAULTONLY:
print("CMF_DEFAULTONLY...\r\n")
else:
print("** unknown flags", uFlags)
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_SEPARATOR|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
0, None)
indexMenu += 1
for item in items:
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_STRING|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
idCmd, item)
indexMenu += 1
idCmd += 1
win32gui.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu,
win32con.MF_SEPARATOR|win32con.MF_BYPOSITION,
0, None)
indexMenu += 1
return idCmd-idCmdFirst # Must return number of menu items we added.
def main():
hwnd = 0
# Create an instance of the object picker.
picker = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(adsi.CLSID_DsObjectPicker,
None,
pythoncom.CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
adsi.IID_IDsObjectPicker)
# Create our scope init info.
siis = adsi.DSOP_SCOPE_INIT_INFOs(1)
sii = siis[0]
# Combine multiple scope types in a single array entry.
sii.type = DSOP_SCOPE_TYPE_UPLEVEL_JOINED_DOMAIN | \
DSOP_SCOPE_TYPE_DOWNLEVEL_JOINED_DOMAIN
# Set uplevel and downlevel filters to include only computer objects.
# Uplevel filters apply to both mixed and native modes.
# Notice that the uplevel and downlevel flags are different.
sii.filterFlags.uplevel.bothModes = DSOP_FILTER_COMPUTERS
sii.filterFlags.downlevel = DSOP_DOWNLEVEL_FILTER_COMPUTERS
# Initialize the interface.
picker.Initialize(
None, # Target is the local computer.
siis, # scope infos
DSOP_FLAG_MULTISELECT, # options
('objectGUID','displayName') ) # attributes to fetch
do = picker.InvokeDialog(hwnd)
# Extract the data from the IDataObject.
format_etc = (cf_objectpicker, None,
pythoncom.DVASPECT_CONTENT, -1,
pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL)
medium = do.GetData(format_etc)
data = adsi.StringAsDS_SELECTION_LIST(medium.data)
for item in data:
name, klass, adspath, upn, attrs, flags = item
print("Item", name)
print(" Class:", klass)
print(" AdsPath:", adspath)
print(" UPN:", upn)
print(" Attrs:", attrs)
print(" Flags:", flags)
def DumpClipboard():
do = pythoncom.OleGetClipboard()
print("Dumping all clipboard formats...")
for fe in do.EnumFormatEtc():
fmt, td, aspect, index, tymed = fe
tymeds_this = [getattr(pythoncom, t) for t in tymeds if tymed & getattr(pythoncom, t)]
print("Clipboard format", format_name_map.get(fmt,str(fmt)))
for t_this in tymeds_this:
# As we are enumerating there should be no need to call
# QueryGetData, but we do anyway!
fetc_query = fmt, td, aspect, index, t_this
try:
do.QueryGetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error:
print("Eeek - QGD indicated failure for tymed", t_this)
# now actually get it.
try:
medium = do.GetData(fetc_query)
except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
print("Failed to get the clipboard data:", exc)
continue
if medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_GDI:
data = "GDI handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_MFPICT:
data = "METAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ENHMF:
data = "ENHMETAFILE handle %d" % medium.data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_HGLOBAL:
data = "%d bytes via HGLOBAL" % len(medium.data)
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_FILE:
data = "filename '%s'" % data
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTREAM:
stream = medium.data
stream.Seek(0,0)
bytes = 0
while 1:
chunk = stream.Read(4096)
if not chunk:
break
bytes += len(chunk)
data = "%d bytes via IStream" % bytes
elif medium.tymed==pythoncom.TYMED_ISTORAGE:
data = "a IStorage"
else:
data = "*** unknown tymed!"
print(" -> got", data)
do = None
